Transcript Document

European Middle Ages,
CHAPTER
13
500–1200
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
SECTION
1 Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
GRAPH
SECTION
2 Feudalism in Europe
SECTION
3 The Age of Chivalry
SECTION
4 The Church Wields Power
Visual Summary
QUIT
CHAPTER
13
European Middle Ages,
500–1200
Chapter Overview
After Charlemagne’s empire dissolves,
people look to local leaders for protection
from invaders. Feudalism and knighthood
develop as a result of this need for protection.
Later kings fail to revive Charlemagne’s
empire. They struggle with the Church for
power.
HOME
CHAPTER
13
European Middle Ages,
HOME
500–1200
Time Line
732 Charles Martel
900s Outside
stops Muslim invasion. invasions spur growth
of feudalism.
500
511 Clovis unites
Franks under Christian
rule.
1190 Holy Roman
Empire weakens.
1200
800 Charlemagne
crowned emperor
by the pope.
962 Otto the Great
crowned emperor.
1
HOME
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
Key Idea
Invasions cause the fall of the Roman Empire,
which is replaced by small kingdoms. The leader
of the Frankish kingdom converts to Christianity.
This religion spreads through western Europe as
the Frankish kingdom expands. Charlemagne
builds the Frankish kingdom into an empire.
Overview
Assessment
1
HOME
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Middle Ages
• Franks
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• monastery
Many Germanic
kingdoms that
succeeded the Roman
Empire were reunited
under Charlemagne’s
empire.
Charlemagne spread
Christian civilization
through northern Europe,
where it had a permanent
impact.
• secular
Assessment
• Carolingian Dynasty
• Charlemagne
1
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
HOME
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Summarize how each person listed below helped
spread Christianity.
Method of Spreading Christianity
Clovis
Converted himself and his army
Benedict
Wrote rule book for monasteries
Gregory I
Extended papal power; blended church and government power
Charles Martel
Defeated Muslims at Battle of Tours
Charlemagne
Spread Christianity through conquests; was crowned emperor by pope
continued . . .
1
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
HOME
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
2. After the fall of the Roman Empire, learning
declined. How was this trend offset during the early
Middle Ages? THINK ABOUT
• the establishment of monasteries
• Charlemagne’s accomplishments
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Monks opened schools, maintained libraries,
copied books, and wrote scholarly works.
• Charlemagne opened a palace school and
supported learning.
continued . . .
1
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
HOME
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
3. How does Charlemagne’s empire in medieval Europe
compare with the Roman Empire? THINK ABOUT
• the extent of the empire
• the spread of Christianity
• how long each empire endured
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Charlemagne’s empire covered parts of western
Europe, a much smaller area than the Roman Empire.
• Both empires helped spread Christianity.
• Charlemagne’s empire lasted only 75 years, while the
Roman Empire endured for nearly 600 years.
End of Section 1
2
HOME
Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
Key Idea
New invasions create chaos in western Europe. People
look to local leaders, rather than to a central ruler, for
protection. The system of feudalism develops, in
which protection is provided in exchange for land or
labor. Social classes become well defined under this
system.
Overview
Assessment
2
HOME
Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• lord
• fief
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• vassal
Europeans developed
feudalism, a political
and military system of
protective alliances and
relationships.
The rights and duties of feudal
relationships helped shape
today’s forms of representative
government.
• knight
• serf
• manor
• tithe
Assessment
2
HOME
Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
Section
2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain the reasons why feudalism developed, and
describe its consequences.
Causes
Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invasions;
decline of centralized government
Rise of Feudalism
Effects
Increased emphasis on warfare and the control of land;
well-defined social classes
continued . . .
2
HOME
Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
Section
2
Assessment
2. What benefits do you think a medieval manor
provided to the serfs who lived there? What were the
drawbacks? THINK ABOUT
• the duties and rights of serfs
• serfs’ living conditions
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
Benefits: Fulfilled basic needs for food, shelter, and
protection; provided security and a sense of
belonging to a community
Drawbacks: Limited freedom; backbreaking labor;
no awareness of the outside world; poor living
conditions
End of Section 2
3
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
Key Idea
Feudal lords create private armies of knights,
who live by a complex set of ideals that guide
behavior. Warfare is brutal, but poems idealize
the life of a knight. In literature and songs,
women are glorified as objects of romantic
love. In reality most women are powerless.
Overview
Assessment
3
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• chivalry
• tournament
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The code of chivalry for
knights glorified combat
and romantic love.
Chivalry has shaped
modern ideas of romance
in Western cultures.
Assessment
• troubadour
3
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List ideas associated with chivalry.
courtly love
courage
war games
for glory
epic poems
Chivalry
horses as
status symbols
Christian faith
loyalty
courtesy
women on pedestal
continued . . .
3
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
Section
3
Assessment
2. Do you think the idea of romantic love helped or
hindered women? Why? THINK ABOUT
• pros and cons of placing women on a “pedestal”
• the Church’s view of women
• the lyrics of love songs quoted in the text
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
Helped women: Showed new respect and admiration; made the
love between men and women more important; offset Church’s
dim view of women
Hindered women: Fostered unrealistic visions of women;
encouraged a distant admiration of women instead of a respect
for women’s abilities and ideas; valued unrequited love over
relationships or marriage; applied to very few women
continued . . .
3
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
Section
3
Assessment
3. What positive effects might the code of chivalry have
had on feudal society? THINK ABOUT
• the ideals of chivalry
• the education of a knight
• the importance of religious faith
• the violence and constant warfare during the Middle Ages
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
•
•
•
•
•
taught boys about courtesy and honor
softened the brutality of a warlike society
created guidelines for social behavior
encouraged the virtues of loyalty, faith, and bravery
inspired great literature
End of Section 3
4
HOME
The Church
Wields Power
Key Idea
German kings’ attempts to revive Charlemagne’s
empire and his alliance with the Church by
invading Italy fail. The Church resents the power
German kings have to appoint church officials.
Overview
Assessment
4
HOME
The Church
Wields Power
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• clergy
• sacrament
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• canon law
Church leaders and
political leaders
competed for power and
authority.
Today many religious
leaders still voice their
opinions on political
issues.
• Holy Roman Empire
Assessment
• lay investiture
4
HOME
The Church
Wields Power
Section
4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
The dates below were significant during the Holy Roman
Empire. Explain the importance of each date shown.
936
1077
1190
Otto I crowned
king.
Henry IV’s journey to
Canossa
(power struggle)
Frederick I’s empire
breaks up into feudal
states.
962
Otto I crowned
emperor.
1122
Concordat of Worms
(power struggle)
continued . . .
4
HOME
The Church
Wields Power
Section
4
Assessment
2. Do you think the Concordat of Worms was a fair
compromise for both the emperor and the Church?
Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
• the Church’s authority in spiritual matters
• the emperor’s political power
• the problems that remained unresolved
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
Yes. It gave the Church the right to appoint bishops.
No. The emperor still had ultimate control over the
appointment of bishops.
End of Section 4