Transcript Medieval Europe or the Middle Ages

Medieval Europe
AKA the Middle Ages
AKA the Dark Ages
Struggles to reestablish
a strong central
government
In a nutshell
Western Roman Empire
Overrun by barbarians in
476AD.
Includes Italy, Gaul
Britain and Spain.
Dark Ages
Roman Catholic
Church
Maintains a
strong central
government
Eastern Byzantine
Empire
Constantinople
replaces Rome as the world’s
wealthiest city
Resists barbarian invasions
Eastern Orthodox
Church
The Roman Empire split between east and west 395AD
Rome Falls
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What do we mean
when we say that
Rome fell?
Did it fall like a
person falls?
Where did it go?
How much of it
fell?
Who caused it to
fall?
Did it stay fallen?
The Systems fell apart or
collapsed
• The political System fell
• The Economic system
fell
• The Social System fell
• The Belief system didn’t
fall it Reorganized
Western Europe
Dark
Manors
Feudalism
476
Trade
Towns
$$$$
1400s
Dark Ages
Timeline
With the fall of ROME
the lights go out.
• Germanic invasion destroyed most of the
accomplishments of the Romans.
• Trade and transportation disappeared
• The system of Law and Order collapsed
• Economy based upon a common currency
(money) dissolved. Europeans took a step
backwards from a cash to a barter economy.
Pay attention !!!
• Are
you
writing
this
stuff
down?
Enter the M EROVINGIAN
Kings
• The Merovingian Kings ruled the most powerful
of the Germanic groups, the Franks.
• These Frankish Kings controlled what is now
France and Western Germany.
• The first of the Merovingian Kings was Clovis.
• Fifteen years after becoming King, Clovis
converted to Catholicism/Christanity.
The decline of the
Merovingian Kings
• Rivalries between heirs to the Frankish
throne caused the decline and end of the
Merovingian monarchy.
• The important thing is that the link between
the Germanic kings and the Catholic
(Universal) Christain Church was
established.
Mayors of the Palace
• To prevent further fragmentation of the
kingdom, the kings established the Mayors
of the Palace.
• These government officials were
responsible for running the kingdom.
Charles Martel
• In 732, Charles Martel as Mayor of the
Palace lead a successful defense against
Muslim invasion at the Battle of Tours.
• Christian Europe was “saved” and Martel
was promoted.
• In 752 Charles Martel’s son Pepin the Short
was named and anointed king by the Pope.
Charlemagne
• Pepin’s son
became king in
768.
Charlemagne
(Charles the Great)
became the first
of the
Carolingian
Kings.
Charlemagne’s Accomplishments
• Established the Frankish Empire.
• Encouraged learning in Europe.
• Defended Pope Leo III against
rebellious nobles in Rome.
• Revived the idea of a unified
Christian Church and Empire.
Life in Medieval Europe
Feudalism
Manoralism
The Catholic Church
Life in Medieval Europe
Feudalism (Political)
Manoralism
(Economic)
The Catholic Church (Social and Belief)
Life in Medieval Europe
• Political systems determine who makes the
major decisions.
• Economic systems determine how goods are
distributed (who gets what and how much).
• Belief and Social systems determine what
beliefs and values are promoted (how
people should live).
Political System
• Feudal society was
ruled by the hierarchy
to the right.
• A hierarchy is a
system of ranking that
determines
importance, value or
power and ranges
from least to most …
The Manorial / economic system
• The manorial system
was also based on a
rigid {fixed}
hierarchy. Each
group had a specific
job and duties. All
goods were
produced and
consumed in the
same estate (manor).
The manor {self-contained and
self-sufficient}
Belief System
• During the Middle Ages, the Christian
Church spilt in to two distinct branches, the
Orthodox Christian Church (in the East) and
the Roman Catholic Church (in the West).
• While Western Europe experienced the
Middle (Dark) Ages, The Byzantine Empire
continued in the East.
The Roman Catholic Church
hierarchy
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The Pope
Archbishops
Bishops
Local Priests
The role of the Church
• Spiritual Role
• Priests instructed the
people in the Faith and
acceptable behavior.
• Heaven, Hell and
Excommunication
(expulsion from the
Church) guaranteed
the compliance of
church rules.
• Secular (worldly or nonsacred) Role
• The Church gained wealth
through the tithe and
became the largest land
holder in Europe.
• The Church also controlled
education.
• Criticizing the Church was
considered the capital crime
of heresy.
How religion can = Power
The Sacraments of the
Catholic Church
• Baptism
• Communion
• Marriage
• Holy Orders
• Last Rites
• The Church had the
authority to administer
or withhold the
sacraments.
• The Church therefore
had the power to
decide who could
marry whom and who
could practice religion.
Political Power of the Church
• The Church created secular laws called
Cannon laws and established its own court
system.
• Sometimes monarchs refused to recognize
the Church's authority.
• {In 1200s Pope Innocent III
excommunicated King John of England.}
The growth of Anti-Semitism
• The Church banned Jewish people from
owning land or practicing many
occupations.
• Jewish people were also blamed for many
misfortunes including famines and diseases.
• Jewish people were persecuted because
many Christians blamed them for the death
of Jesus Christ.
The Crusades
• In 1050s, the Turks who were Muslims
invaded the Byzantine Empire and
conquered Palestine. The Christine Church
called for a holy war to drive the Muslims
from the Palestine. These war were known
as the Crusades.
The Crusades 200 year war
• 1. The Turks invaded
Palestine in 1050
• 2. Pope Urban II at the
Council of Clermont
encouraged all
Christians to reclaim
the Holy Land.
• Initially (at first) the
Christians were
successful and
captured the city of
Jerusalem in 1099.
• The Crusaders divided
the conquered lands
into four Crusader
states.
Crusades
• Muslim victory of commander Saladin.
• Saladin united the Muslims and the
recaptured Palestine (the Christian Holy
Land).
• The Crusaders in Jerusalem surrender.
• Unlike the Crusaders who massacred
Muslims and Jewish people years earlier,
Saladin commanded his soldiers not to kill or
massacre the Christians.
Crusades
• Richard the LionHearted, King of
England led the Third
Crusade in 1189.
• Although he won
several victories, his
armies were unable to
recapture Jerusalem.
• The Crusades fizzled
out.
• The Fourth Crusade
was likewise
unsuccessful.
• Later Muslims
recaptured the last
Crusader states in 1291
and massacred its
Christian inhabitants
The Crusades are important
Why?
• The Crusades left behind a legacy of hatred and
revenge between Christians and Muslims.
• The Crusades encouraged trade that introduced
new goods to western Europe building up the
Merchant class.
• The Crusades also encouraged learning and
exposed the Europeans to advances made in the
East {math , science, literature and the arts}.
The Crusades
• Because of its results, the
Crusades are often called the
most successful war that was
ever lost.
Cause and
effect of the
Crusades
Assessment of Learning/Homework
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