Lecture #13 -

Download Report

Transcript Lecture #13 -

Welcome to CMPE003
Personal Computer
Concepts: Hardware and
Software
Winter 2003
UC Santa Cruz
Instructor: Guy Cox
Assignments

Homework #4 – Due February 12
(That’s due next Wednesday  )
 Design your own resume
 Must use a Word Processor (ie, M$ Word)


Notepad will not suffice.
Details and sample resume – see class page –
http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Winter03/hw4_resume.ht
ml
January 23, 2003
2
Input and Output:
The User Connection
Chapter 5
Part A
Output


Information for the user
Types





January 23, 2003
Screen – soft copy
Printer – hard copy
Voice
Sound
Graphics
4
Monitor (screen)


Data that is entered appears on the screen
Screen is part of the monitor
January 23, 2003
5
Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Flat panel display
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Gas Plasma Display
January 23, 2003
6
CRT
Raster scanning





Sweeping electron beams across the back of the
screen
Phosphorous coating on back of screen
Glows when hit by a beam of electrons
Phosphorous loses glow and image fades and
flickers
Image must be continually refreshed
January 23, 2003
7
CRT
Refresh rate / scan rate



Number of times electron beams refreshes the
screen
Process also used for television
80-100 times per second adequate for clear screen
image

60 Hz is problematic – Why??
January 23, 2003
8
CRT
Interlaced vs. Non-interlaced

Interlaced






Refresh every other line on each pass
Lower refresh rate without flicker
Good for fixed graphics
Causes flutter with animated graphics
Inexpensive
Non-interlaced


Refresh every line on each pass
Typical of screens sold today
January 23, 2003
9
CRT
Color vs. Monochrome

Color


Typical monitor sold today
Monochrome



Green or amber on a contrasting background
Less expensive than color
Typically used on terminals
January 23, 2003
10
CRT
Resolution


Clarity of image
Pixel (Picture element)





Dot on screen
Is addressable
Can be illuminated
More pixels means higher resolution
Dot pitch


Distance between dots
Smaller distance means better quality image
January 23, 2003
11
CRT
Graphics Card/Graphics Adapter Board


Plugs into expansion slot on motherboard
Graphics card and monitor must be
compatible for high quality image
January 23, 2003
12
CRT
Size


Measured diagonally
Typical sizes




Office user: 15-17 inch
High-powered graphics user: 19 inch
High-end monitors: 21 inches and up
Larger size



More expensive
More space on desktop
Reduces eye strain
January 23, 2003
13
Graphics Standards
Help insure that the products work together




PCs
Monitor
Graphics boards
Software
January 23, 2003
14
Graphics Standards

SVGA (Super VGA)




Resolution – 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1280 x 1024,
1600 x 1200 pixels
16 million colors
Number of colors displayed simultaneously limited by
amount of video memory
XGA (Extended Graphics Array)



High resolution
Supports more simultaneous colors
Allows non-interlaced monitors
January 23, 2003
15
Flat-panel Screens




January 23, 2003
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Primarily on laptops
Moving to desktop
Skinny (depth) regardless of
size
16
Flat-panel Screens





Crisp, brilliant images
Easy on eyes
No flicker
Full dimension is useable
More expensive that CRT monitors
January 23, 2003
17
Flat-panel Screens

Active Matrix
 Thin-film transistor technology (TFT)
 Transistors for each pixel
 Brighter image
 Viewable from an angle

Passive Matrix
 Fewer transistors
 Cheaper
 Less power
 Images can appear fuzzy
January 23, 2003
18
Printers


Produce information on paper
Orientation



Portrait
Landscape
Methods of printing


Impact
Non-impact
January 23, 2003
19
Impact Printers
Line printer
Dot-matrix printer
One line at a time
High volume
Low quality
One character
at a time
January 23, 2003
20
Non-impact Printer: Laser Printer
January 23, 2003
21
Non-impact Printer: Laser Printer




Transfers images to paper using a light beam
Prints one page at a time
600-1200 dpi – High quality
Speed




Personal laser printers: 8-10 ppm
Network laser printers: 35-50 ppm
High-volume laser printers: up to 1000 ppm
Black & white / Color
January 23, 2003
22
Non-impact Printer: Ink-jet Printer





Spray ink at paper
Black & white / Color
Excellent graphics
Good quality
Slower than laser
January 23, 2003
23
Non-impact Printer
Choose based upon:




Speed
Quality
Black & white vs. color
Price
January 23, 2003
24
Sound
Creates multimedia output
Multiple sight and sound effects
Speakers
Sound card
January 23, 2003
25
Voice Output: Speech Synthesis


Enables machines to talk to people
Types






Voice synthesizers
Voice output devices
Audio-response units
Converts data in storage to vocalized sounds
Synthesis by analysis – human sounds are
stored and reproduced as needed
Synthesis by rule – creates artificial speech
January 23, 2003
26
Voice Output: Speech synthesis
Uses





Automobiles
Telephone surveys
Catalog order is ready
Your payment is late reminder
Santa Cruz Public Library

January 23, 2003
Overdue notices
27
Music and Other Sounds

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)



Communicates between MIDI devices and computer
Rules that produce and process digital music signals
MIDI information tells synthesizer




When to start and stop playing a note
Volume
Modulation
Software is available for composing and editing
per MIDI standard
January 23, 2003
28
Terminals


Device that provides input and output capabilities
Dumb terminal



Intelligent terminal



Keyboard and monitor
Connects to host for processing
Keyboard, monitor, memory, and processor
Connects with host
Point-of-sale terminal (POS)


Input and output device
Captures retail data
January 23, 2003
29
Computer Graphics






Business
Education
Science
Sports
Computer art
Entertainment
January 23, 2003
30
Business Graphics

Types



Help






Maps
Charts
Compare data
Spot trends
Make decisions quickly
Attention-getting
Updated instantaneously
Rendered quickly
January 23, 2003
31
Video Graphics



Animated graphics
Prepared one frame at a
time
Examples

Animated films



January 23, 2003
Monster’s Inc. (Pixar)
Commercials without humans
Arcade games
32
CAD/CAM
Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing

CAD – Computer Aided Design


CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing


Controls production equipment
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)



January 23, 2003
Software creates 2-D and 3-D designs
Bridge between design and manufacturing
CAD/CAM integrated into manufacturing
process
Provides balanced, efficient production process
33
Ethics and Data

Computer data can be





Used
Sold
Altered
What is legal?
What can you trust?
January 23, 2003
34
January 23, 2003
35