Transcript bmfr 4113 cadcam

CADCAM HARDWARE
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The computing system in operation can be
compared to a human being in terms of its
operating characteristics.
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The heart of any computing system is the
central processing unit (CPU)
All necessary functions of a computer is
carried out by the CPU
Main functions performed by the CPU are
the arithmetic and logic function
CPU communicated with external world
through its input device by giving data or to
to control the computer
The output device is the means through
which the CPU gives the results of the
computation
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Is the nerve centre of the computer
Base on the software, it organises the
information processing for any given
application
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CPU in main frames and mini computers is
essentially a printed circuit board(PCB)
consisting a number of chips.
First microprocessor in late 60’s and early
70’s – general purpose microprocessor –
INTEL 4004 used in a Japanese calculator
released in 1971
INTEL 4004 – 4 bit microprocesser
INTEL 8008 – 8 bit microprocessor now 64 bit
Bit – length of words used by the
microprocessor to process information
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Speed at which the microprocessor operate –
system clock
The faster the system clock the faster is the
execution of the instruction eg. 1 MHz- 3
Ghz
Evaluation of performance not only
processor performance but also other
peripherals and bench mark by SPEC
(Standard Performance Evaluation
Corporation.
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For a CADCAM application, the computational
load is very high – using of core processor
The requirement of a typical cadcam
computer is at least 32 bits and preferably 64
bit microprocesser with a clock rate of above
1.0 GHz and address of at least 24 -32 bits
RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computing
has a small range of instructions present
hence chip design is more efficient, faster
and powerful
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Memory unit – another important unit of a
computer- where necessary data and
program is stored
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Integral part of computer to store data and
programs
Semiconductor memory locations are
organised in as a series of on/off
switches(transistors)
Single chip is capable of storing 256 M- bit of
information
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ROM – Read only memory
PROM – Programmable ROM
RAM – Random Access Memory
EPROM – Erasable programmable ROM
EEPROM – Electrically erasable programmable
ROM
Flash memory
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Essentially read and write memory
Information stored only during power supply
stays and hence power supply must always be
on position – used of lithium battery
Two types of RAM - static and dynamic
Static RAM – information is to be written only
once
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - information to be
continuously refreshed
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Fast Page Mode(FPM DRAM)
Extended Data Output (EDO RAM)
Synchronous DRAM
Rambus Direct Ram (RDRAM)
Double Data Rate SDRAM – DDR-SDRAM
Devices use for communicating with computer
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Keyboard
Mouse
Light Pen
Joystick
Digitizer
Tablet
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Resembles a fountain pen and works on a
principle of light
To detect present of light on the screen
The resolution of light pen is poor
Used in refreshed type display devices
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Widely used by designer
Converting a physical location into coordinate
values
Work area correspond to full CRT screen
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Displayed designed work and simulation
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Plasma Panel Display
Liquid Crystal Display
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Once output is finalized on the display
device, it can transformed to a hard copy
Graphical printer
Plotters
Photographic Devices
Fastest way of getting graphical output at low
price.
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Impact Dot Matrix Printer
Thermal Transfer
Ink Jet Printer
Laser Printer
Colour Copiers
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Widely accepted output device for final
output
Wide range of plotters of varying sizes - A0,
A1, A2,A3, A4
Pen Plotters – flat bed and drum type
Electrostatic Plotters
Photographic Devices
Large amount of space required for storage
purposes
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Floppy disk
Winchester Disk
Magnetic tape
Compact disk ROMs
DVD
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Software determines the way the computer is
to be used.
Better software make for better utilization of
the computer
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Operating system form part of the hardware
provide the use of all the hardware elements
Windows 95, Windows NT, UNIX, LINUX
Editor – creating and modyfying disc file
Linker – linking the object modules
Debugger -used in program development to
identify logic and runtime errors.
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Program laguages are basically translators
and classified as interpreters and compilers
BASICS, FORTRAN for scientific community,
PASCAL and C for CADCAM program
development. LISP and PROLOG are also
related to ACDCAM programming
 THANK
YOU