Transcript SeminarPresentations\MooresLawPatrickCauleyx

BEYOND MOORE’S LAW, ISSUES
AND APPROACHES
BY: PATRICK CAULEY 4/8/16
ABSTRACT: MOORE’S LAW IS ON ITS WAY TO NO LONGER
BEING A MODEL THAT CAN BE USED FOR PREDICTING
TRANSISTORS ON A CHIP. THE CHIPS ARE BECOMING TOO
SMALL AND A NEW WAY MUST BE FOUND TO MAKE BETTER
MICROPROCESSORS. THESE NEW IDEAS WILL BE EXPLORED AND
SO WILL THE ISSUES OF THE LAW.
OUTLINE
• What is Moore’s Law?
• Problem with Moore’s Law Past and Future
• Potential approaches of what to do after Moore’s
Law no longer works
WHAT IS MOORE’S LAW
• Gordon Moore co-founded Intel in the 1968 and noticed a
trend with technology.
• Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors on an
integrated circuit in an affordable CPU will double every
two years.
ISSUES WITH THE LAW FROM THE PAST
• The constant shrinkage of the transistors hit its first wall in
the early 2000’s.
• The chips heated up too much since they were so small.
• This put a speed limit on the clocks in CPU’s.
• This made it so now more processors are put in to each
device.
PROBLEM WITH MOORE’S LAW MOVING
FORWARD
• The chips have become so small to the size of about 14nm.
• By 2021 chips are predicted to be at about 5nm.
• At 2-3nm leakage will begin to happen frequently.
• Therefore when the chips get too small Moore’s Law can’t
continue.
MILLIVOLT SWITCH
• One idea is based around finding a ‘millivolt switch’.
• Something that could be used on things like silicon but
generate less heat.
• No millivolt switch has gotten too far to working well
enough.
CHANGE MATERIALS
• Another option is switching materials and no longer using
Silicon.
• Other materials like Graphene transistors and Germanium
and III-V semiconductors.
• These materials are not too far away but most likely won’t
be ready when Moore’s Law is over.
CHIP STACKING SILICON GOES 3D
• Sticking with Silicon but trying to go 3D.
• Hybrid Memory Cube is an 8 memory layer system
being worked on.
• In microprocessors it is more difficult because of the
heat issue.
WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN
• Chips will no longer be able to be made the same and companies
must make an advancement in another way.
• Now companies will have chances to follow different paths to
make better products.
• In 2015 IBM demonstrated 7 nm node chips with silicongermanium transistors produced using EUVL.
• In 2015 Intel and Micron announced 3D XPoint a non-volatile
memory.
SUMMARY
• Moore’s Law is coming to an end soon.
• With this physical limitation of microprocessors the law can not
continue as stated.
• People are looking for a new way to continue getting more
processing power.
• Companies now will have to find something new to do in order to
ensure that their chips are the best.
WORKS CITED
• "Beyond Moore's Law." The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 26 May
2015. Web. 05 Apr. 2016.
• Kavin, Ralph. "IEEE Xplore Full-Text PDF:." IEEE Xplore Full-Text PDF:. IEEE, n.d.
Web. 05 Apr. 2016.
• Waldrop, Mitchell. "The Chips Are down for Moore's Law." Nature.com. Nature
Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2016.
5 KEY POINTS
• Moore’s Law states that transistors on integrated chips will double every two
years for affordable computers.
• This law is coming to an end because of chips getting too small.
• At 3nm chips will begin to have leakage making that be the cutoff for when
they can no longer shrink and really should stop at 5nm.
• Silicon may need to be replaced by another material.
• Or 3D silicon wafers would be the way to continue with Silicon