Transcript Carbon Nano-tubes: An Overview

Carbon Nano-tubes:
An Overview
An Undergraduate Research Paper
By Scott E. Wadley for the
Department of Aerospace Engineering at
The University of Kansas
Presentation Overview
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Definition
History
Properties
Current Applications
Manufacturing Techniques
Future Applications
References
Definition: Carbon Nanotubes
• Single-wall carbon
nanotubes are a new form of
carbon made by rolling up a
single graphite sheet to a
narrow but long tube closed
at both sides by fullerenelike end caps..
• However, their attraction lies
not only in the beauty of their
molecular structures:
through intentional alteration
of their physical and
chemical properties
fullerenes exhibit an
extremely wide range of
interesting and potentially
useful properties.
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Important
History
1991 Discovery of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by S. Iijima
1992 Conductivity of carbon nanotubes
J. W. Mintmire, B. I. Dunlap and C. T. White
1993 Structural rigidity of carbon nanotubes
G. Overney, W. Zhong, and D. Tománek
1993 Synthesis of single-wall nanotubes by S Iijima and T Ichihashi
1995 Nanotubes as field emitters
By A.G. Rinzler, J.H. Hafner, P. Nikolaev, L. Lou, S.G. Kim, D. Tománek, P.
Nordlander, D.T. Colbert, and R.E. Smalley
1997 Hydrogen storage in nanotubes
A C Dillon, K M Jones, T A Bekkendahl, C H Kiang, D S Bethune and M J
Heben
1998 Synthesis of nanotube peapods B.W. Smith, M. Monthioux, and D.E. Luzzi
2000 Thermal conductivity of nanotubes
Savas Berber, Young-Kyun Kwon, and David Tománek
2001 Integration of carbon nanotubes for logic circuits
P.C. Collins, M.S. Arnold, and P. Avouris
2001 Intrinsic superconductivity of carbon nanotubes
M. Kociak, A. Yu. Kasumov, S. Guéron, B. Reulet, I. I. Khodos, Yu. B.
Gorbatov, V. T. Volkov, L. Vaccarini, and H. Bouchiat
Properties
• Metallic conductivity (e.g. the salts A3C60
(A=alkali metals))
• Superconductivity with Tc's of up to 33K (e.g.
the salts A3C60 (A=alkali metals))
• Ferromagnetism (in (TDAE)C60 - without the
presence of d-electrons)
• Non-linear optical activity
• Polymerization to form a variety of 1-, 2-, and
3D polymer structures
Properties (2)
• The chart compares the
tensile strength of SWNT's to
some common high-strength
materials.
• Nanotubes can be either
electrically conductive or
semiconductive, depending
on their helicity.
• These one-dimensional
fibers exhibit electrical
conductivity as high as
copper, thermal conductivity
as high as diamond,
• Strength 100 times greater
than steel at one sixth the
weight, and high strain to
failure.
• Current length limits are
about one millimeter.
Current Applications
• Carbon Nano-tubes
are extending our
ability to fabricate
devices such as:
• Molecular probes
• Pipes
• Wires
• Bearings
• Springs
• Gears
• Pumps
Manufacturing Techniques
• Evaporation of
solid carbon in
arc discharge,
• Laser
ablation,
• Catalytic
chemical
vapor
deposition of
carbon
containing
gases
• Catalytic
decomposition
of fullerenes
Future Applications
• Molecular transistors.
• Field emitters.
• Building blocks for bottom-up
electronics.
• Smaller, lighter weight
components for next
generation spacecraft.
• Enable large quantities of
hydrogen to be stored in small
low pressure tanks.
• Space elevator, Instead of
blasting off for the heavens
astronauts could reach the
ISS as easily as they would a
department store: “Next floor,
LEO, watch your step please!”
Nanotube Fun!
• You can see animations
of virtual nanotubes by
following these links:
• http://www.photon.t.utokyo.ac.jp/~maruyama/
nanotube.html
• Then select “Animation
Gallery”
• Also
http://www.pa.msu.edu/c
mp/csc/simindex.html
• You can create your
own virtual SWNT
at:
• http://jcrystal.com/st
effenweber/JAVA/jna
no/jnano.html
References
1.
http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.html
2.
Localized and Delocalized Electronic States in Single-Wall Carbon
Nanotubes
T. Pichler, M. Knupfer, M. S. Golden, J. Fink, A. Rinzler and R. E.
Smalley
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4729 (1998)
3.
http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/slup/CuttingEdge/May00/nanotubes.
html
Dr. Sander Tans and Prof. Dr. Cees Dekker of the section
Quantum Transport at TU Delft,
http://www.photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~maruyama/nanotube.html
http://jcrystal.com/steffenweber/JAVA/jnano/jnano.html
http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/nasa/
http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/simindex.html
http://mmptdpublic.jsc.nasa.gov/jscnano/
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