Transcript NANO Shaping The World Atom By Atom

NANOTECHNOLOGY
…Shaping the world atom by atom
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“Nano” – derived from an ancient Greek word “Nanos”
meaning DWARF
“Nanotechnology” is the process by which objects
smaller than 100 nanometers are built using one atom or
molecule at a time.
Its ultimate goal is to create a Universal Assembler that
takes in raw atoms in one side and delivers finished
products out the other.
This technology was first recognized on broad scale in
1959.
Nanotechnology is expected to touch almost every aspect
of our lives, right down to the water we drink and the air
we breathe.
ABSTRACT
The length scale reached by technology has
dropped steadily from the millimeter scale of the
early 1950s to the present-day atomic scale. The
representative devices, from left to right, are: the
first transistor, a quantum-dot turnstile, a copper
'quantum corral', a carbon-nanotube transistor,
and the latest — a one-atom point contact
VISUAL IMAGES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Fine-Motion Controller for Molecular Assembly
Simple Pump Selective for Neon
Molecular Differential Gear
Planetary Gear, newer version
Planetary Gear, original version
FIELDS INVOLVED IN NANO
TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
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Computer Science:.. Computing using DNA has a distinct advantage
over traditional computing in that the molecular computing is
extremely parallel. Each DNA molecule can act as an individual
processor, greatly improving the speed of computation for complicated
problems.
Medicine:. A device could be created consisting of a small computer, a
supply of a substance used to kill the cells identified as dangerous.
Another application in the field of medicine involves tissue damage due
to less blood flow.. Molecular machines could be produced to go so far
as to stop a cell from functioning to prevent further damage, repair the
damage, and then restore cellular function.
Smart Medicines: With nanotechnology, it is possible to guard human
body against harmful diseases. Consider tiny nanomachines embedded
in our body performing their duties as disciplined soldiers with clock
work precision.
NANOROBOTS OPERATING ON ERYTHROCYTES AND BLOODVEINS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
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Replacing COPPER conductors with NANOTUBES:
Extremely tiny carbon ‘nanotubes’ can be used instead of copper conductors to
interconnect parts within integrated circuits (ICs). While the work is going on
carbon nanotubes based chips for long term needs, we are indirectly helping
industry to keep silicon-based computer chips in use as long as possible.
One advantage of using carbon nanotube interconnects within ICs is that is
these interconnects have the ability to conduct more than a million amperes of
current in a one sq.cm area without any deterioration which seems to a problem
with today’s copper interconnects. The accomplishment involved sprouting
infinitesimally thin structures called, also called ‘single walled nanotubes’ or
‘buckytubes’.
But why are these Nanotubes also called buckytubes? It’s because their
ends when closed, take the form of soccer ball-shaped carbon molecules
known as ‘buckminsterfullerene’ or ‘bucky-balls
BUCKY BALLS
NANO TUBES
FLOW OF BUCKY BALLS IN
NANOTUBES
IBM scientists have developed a breakthrough
transistor technology that could enable
production of a new class of smaller, faster and
Transistor
technology:
lower power computer
chips.
 Using carbon Nanotubes as transistors in
chips:  Depending on their size and shape, the electronic
properties of carbon nanotubes can be metallic
or semi conducting. The problem scientists have
faces in using carbon nanotubes as transistors is
that all synthetic methods of production yield a
mixture of metallic and semi conducting
Nanotubes which ‘stick together’ to form ropes
of bundles
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One of the most fearful events would be a
uncontrollable replicates that could "take over the
world" because we would not be able to stop
them.
Another question is if we can replicate everything
we need, what will become of the global market?
How will society progress if people live forever?
What happens when machines make everything
we use?
Accidents will most likely happen, they’ve
happened with nuclear devices, which aren’t ever
as deadly, what will we do when we have rampant
replicators?
PROBLEMS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
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These are just the surface of the effects that nanotechnology will affect.
In Engines of Creation, as mentioned before, Drexler asserts that
molecular manufacturing can produce materials stronger and lighter than
anything currently available. This allows for the production of a variety of
things. Better spacecraft, devices to repair living cells, the ability to heal
disease and make the body stronger: all these and more are possible
given the potential of nanotechnology. Machines could be produced, down
to the size of viruses, which would work at incredible speeds. This would
give us the option of assembling these tiny parts into intelligent
machines, based on the use of myriads of nanoscopic parallel-processing
devices which make descriptions, compare them to recorded patterns,
and then exploit the memories of all their previous experiences. Thus
those new technologies could alter not only the materials and means we
use to shape our physical environment, but also the activities we would
then be able to pursue inside whichever kind of world we eventually
create. Through the use of nanotechnology, the number of possible worlds
we can create is limited only by what we can imagine.
CONCLUSION: