Transcript GS-3 - TMCnet

ID Card Projects
Large Scale ID Projects Based on
Biometrics (Specifically Fingerprint)
Speaker: Hugues Gervais, VP, Business Development
June 23-26, 2003 • New York City
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Introduction
Subject: Large scale ID projects based on
Biometrics (specifically Fingerprint)
A. Technologies involved
B. Major projects
C. Benefits and Risks involved
D. Conclusion
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A. Technologies
Large scale ID projects involve the following
technologies:
• Biometrics (Fingerprint)
• Cards
• Biometrics Database (AFIS)
• Face Database
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Biometrics
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Fingerprint
Face geometry
Retinal scan & Iris (eyes)
Others
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Cards
• Plastic Cards
• Memory Cards
• Smart Cards
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Card Materials
• PVC : PolyVinylChloride
– Cheaper (0.10$)
– Less durable (< 3 years)
• PETF : Polyester film
– Expensive (0.25$)
– More durable (5 to 10 years)
• PC : PolyCarbonate
– More expensive (1.00$)
– More durable (> 10 years)
– Used in Hong Kong, Macao and Finland National ID cards
project
• Note: CAC card is made of 40% PET and 60% PVC
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Biometrics Template Storage
• 2D bar code
• Smart Card
• Optical Card
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Smart Card Type
• Contact
– ISO-7816
– 32 Kbytes to 64 Kbytes
– Cryptographic capabilities (digital signature)
• Contactless
– 1 Kbytes to 4 Kbytes
– Many standards
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Contactless Smart Card
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MIFARE ISO-14443 type A
ISO-14443 type B
ISO-15693 Vicinity
Hua Hong (China)
Legic
iClass (HID)
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Smart Card O/S
Multi-Applications require an Operating
System on the card to handle and control
all the applications
• Java
• Multos
• Proprietary
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AFIS
AFIS: Automated Fingerprint Identification
System
• Identification : one-to-many
• Can locate duplicates
• Storage of full size fingerprint images and
allows template format changes
• Suppliers: 123ID, Biokey, Cogent,
Dermalog, Nec, Printrak, Sagem
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Facial Database
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Identification : one-to-many
Can locate duplicates
Storage of full size facial pictures
Suppliers: Identix (Visionics), Viisage,
others
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Fingerprint Template
• Minutiae Base
– Cannot recreate a fingerprint image from the
template
– Standard for Law Enforcement for 100 years
• Pattern Base
– More Precise (better FAR)
– But a fingerprint image can be recreated from
the template
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June 23-26, 2003 • New York City
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B. Government Projects
• Large Scale Deployment
• Citizen
– National ID
• Government Employees
– Military
– Transportation
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June 23-26, 2003 • New York City
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Government Applications
Passport / VISA
Healthcare Card
Citizen ID and
Driver’s License
Social Security Card
Election Card
Mass Transportation
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Government Applications
Airports
Nuclear & other Power Plants
Seaports
Military ID
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Citizen ID Projects
France
Morocco
USA
Hong Kong
Mexico
UAE
Malaysia
Brazil
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June 23-26, 2003 • New York City
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Brunei
• Multi-Application Citizen card:
– 0.3 millions cards issued
– Smart card
• Contact chip with 8 Kbytes
• Digital certificates on the cards
• 2 Fingerprint templates and photo ID stored in the card
– Applications: Citizen ID
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Malaysia
• Government Multi-Purpose Card (GMPC):
– Issued to every citizen over age 12
– 19 million cards expected by 2008
– Smart card
• Contact chip with 32 Kbytes
• Digital certificates on the cards
• Fingerprint thumbprint and photo ID stored into the card
– Applications: Citizen ID, Driver’s license and passport
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Hong Kong
• National ID Card:
– Issued to every citizen over age 11
– 7 million cards expected by 2007
– Multos smart card
• Contact chip with 32 Kbytes
• Digital certificates on the cards
• 2 Fingerprints templates and photo ID stored into the card
– Applications: Citizen ID
– Optional Applications: Driver’s license and e-purse
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Macau
• National ID Card:
– 0.5 million cards expected by 2007
– Java card
• Contact chip with 32 Kbytes
• Digital certificates on the cards
• Fingerprint stored into the card
– Applications: Citizen ID, Driver’s license and more
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China
• National ID Card:
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Not started yet (has been delayed for years)
Will be issued to every citizen older than 16 years
Around 800 million cards expected
Might issue 70 million cards in 2004 !
Controlled by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS)
Application: ID only
Will use 4 Kbytes contactless
• MIFARE, ISO-14443 type B or Hua Hong
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ICAO
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
– May 28th 2003, adopted the integration of biometric
identification information on Passports and Machine
Readable Travel Documents (MRTD)
– Facial recognition was selected as prime biometrics
– Fingerprints and eyes can also be integrated (option)
– They selected high-capacity, contactless integrated
circuit (IC) chips to store identification information
– 188 Member States with more than 700 million MRTD
(Passport, Visa, Identity Card)
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TWIC
• Transportation Worker Identification Card (TWIC)
• Controlled by Department of Homeland Security
• Will be issued to 15 million transportation
workers
• US Transportation facilities:
429 airports & 361 seaports
• Technology evaluations are in process
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June 23-26, 2003 • New York City
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USVISIT
• USVISIT : US Visitor Immigration Status Indication
Technology System
• Control by the U.S. Homeland Security Agency
• By October 2004, Visa Waiver (26 nations) Countries
need to begin issuing passports carrying biometric data
• Application: Border crossing (Visa)
• Will incorporate features of the DoD CAC Card
– Java Card
– Three digital certificates
• 2 chips
– Contact chip of 64 Kbytes
– Contactless (ISO-14443) chip for building access
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DoD
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US Department of Defense (DoD)
Called the Common Access Card (CAC)
Almost 2 million cards issued out of 4 million
Java Card with Contact chip, 32 Kbytes
– Three digital certificates
– Will include fingerprint template (Identix)
• Plan to:
– Expand memory to 64 Kbytes
– Add contactless chip (ISO-14443)
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June 23-26, 2003 • New York City
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Middle-East
• Oman (1.2 million cards)
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Index fingerprint & photo
Citizens and residents 15 and over
Applications: Passport, Driver’s license, Medical data
Plan to add digital certificates
• UAE: United Arab Emirate
– Fingerprint stored on a 32 Kbytes Java Smart Card
– Citizens and residents 15 and over
– Applications: Passport, Driver’s license, Health & Banking
• Saudi Arabia
– Contract awarded soon
– Fingerprint stored on a 32 Kbytes Multos Smart Card
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Others
• Spain: Social Security Card with biometrics and
smart card chip
• Netherlands: Biometrics into passport by 2004
• U.K. Asylum Seekers Card: Fingerprint and
photo on a smart card chip
• Mexico: Voter Registration
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C. Benefits
• Improve National Security
• Minimize paying services for non-residents
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Risks
• Large infrastructure and expensive
• Influenced by Politics and Legislation
• User acceptance and Privacy Law
concerns
• Case of Multi-Applications, creates power
struggle between Government Agencies
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Conclusion
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But budgets are there
Security threats are here
New legislations are in place
These large scale projects generate
momentum for other projects
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