Transcript Six Nutrients

SIX NUTRIENTS
LGHS Nutrition and Food Science
Unit 1: Food for Life
Revised August 2015
WORDS TO KNOW!
NUTRITION - is the science that
studies how body makes use of food.
DIET - is everything you eat and
drink.
NUTRIENTS - are the substances
in food.
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
a
nutrient required for normal body
functioning that either cannot be
synthesized by the body at all, or cannot
be synthesized in amounts adequate for
good health (e.g. niacin, choline), and thus
must be obtained from a dietary source
THE PROCESS OF SATISFYING HUNGER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
You need energy
You feel hungry
You eat to get rid of hunger
You feel satisfied
You need more energy
The cycle repeats again
WHAT FOOD DOES FOR YOU?
It
provides energy for daily
activity
It
gives you raw material
Eating
is an enjoyable activity
SIX NUTRIENTS
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fat
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the primary
source of energy.
Sources of Carbohydrates:
- Whole wheat breads
- Rice
- Pasta
- Potatoes
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
 Simple
Carbohydrates - Glucose,
fructose, dextrose and sucrose are
carbohydrates in their simplest form,
sugars.
 Found
naturally in fruits, milk and
vegetable like peas.
 Refined
sugars that come from sugar
beets and sugarcane are used in processed
foods, sweeteners and as table sugar.
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES CONT.
 Starches
– more complex carbohydrates
 Found
in rice, potatoes, vegetables, breads
and cereals.
 Essential
to your health and very
important in your diet because they
provide needed nutrients.
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES CONT.
Fiber – complex carbohydrates that form the
tough cell walls in plant cells.
 Humans can’t digest fiber but it’s important to
our diet because it helps keep food moving
through the digestive tract.
 Helps the intestines in good working order.
 Found in…

All plants supply some fiber
 Whole grains
 Fruit
 Vegetables

GLYCOGEN
 Glycogen
is what the one pound of
carbohydrates that is stored in the liver is
called.
 Used
 All
when the body needs quick energy.
other excess carbohydrates are
converted to fat and stored as fatty tissue.
PROTEIN
o
o
o
o
Protein is essential for body growth and
repair of body cells.
Every tissue is made of some form of protein.
Enzymes, antibodies and hormones are all
proteins.
Without a regular supply of new protein we
couldn’t grow new cells, our wounds wouldn’t
heal and our worn-out cell wouldn’t be
replaced.
PROTEIN CONT.
o
o
If the body doesn’t get enough calories
from carbohydrates and fats then protein
can be used for an energy source.
Excess protein is changed to fat and
stored in the body.
Sources of Protein:
- Meat, Eggs, Fish, Nuts, Beans, Poultry,
Dairy Products and some grains, nuts,
seeds, and legumes.
FATS
o
o
o
Fats are the nutrient that supplies the
MOST energy. More than twice as much
as carbohydrates.
They carry four important vitamins A, D,
E and K.
They supply some fatty acids that are
absolutely necessary for good health.
FATS
o
Fat stored in body helps to insulate,
cushion and protect us.
Sources of Fat:
Butter, Oils, Salad Dressings, Cheese,
Eggs, Meat, Whole Milk, Ice cream,
Poultry, Fish, Nuts, seeds, Avocados,
Olives, sauces, bakery foods, fried foods
and even some candies contain fat.
VITAMINS
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Vitamins help regulate body functions.
1913 vitamins were discovered and the
following were identified as the major
vitamins.
A, B (8 different B vitamins), C, D, D and
K. others such as niacin don’t have names.
VITAMINS
 Vitamins
are in foods in small amounts
but without the small amounts our cells
couldn’t do their jobs.
 Vitamins
help to form material that holds
cells together, for helping bones and teeth
to use calcium, for helping the body use
energy, and for many other critical lifesupport activities.
MINERALS
o
o
o
Minerals are very diverse and have tasks like
building strong bones or maintaining the right
amount water in cells.
Major Minerals Needed: Calcium, magnesium,
phosphorous, sodium, chlorine and potassium.
Other minerals are needed in small amounts
they are called trace minerals
o Iron, iodine, fluoride and zinc
WATER
o
o
Most important nutrient.
Carries nutrients to cells and takes
waste away.
o
Makes up two-thirds of the body.
o
It is part of every cell.
WATER
o
o
o
Helps to regulate the bodies
temperature.
Every food has some water in it.
Humans can live several weeks
without food but only a few days
without water.
MACRONUTRIENTS
nutrients that provide calories or energy. Macro
means big so these are nutrients needed in large
amounts.
 Three macronutrients required by humans:
Carbohydrates (sugar)
 lipids (fats)
 Proteins


Macronutrients provides energy in the form of
calories.
MICRONUTRIENTS
Dietary components(vitamins and minerals) only
required by the body in small amounts.


Vital to development, disease prevention, and
wellbeing.
Micronutrients are not produced in the body
and must be come from the diet
BIOAVAILABILITY
The proportion of a nutrient that is
absorbed from the diet and used for
normal body functions.
Bioavailability of macronutrients is usually very
high, more than 90%. (Carbohydrates, proteins
and fat)
 Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and bioactive
phytochemicals ((flavonoids, cartenoids) can vary
widely in the extent they are absorbed.
