Transcript GEn Green - UReka.my

➔To produce self-generated decentralised
energy by using simple mechanical principles.
➔To provide a better and convenient
environment for future generations in
Malaysia.
➔To create a power generating system that can
be implemented throughout the country.
The idea behind the concept is
to generate energy through
the turning of a small
generator attached to a
system of rotating cogs or
wheels.
The action of the weight being
pulled down by gravity will
turn the pinion/cogs/wheel
which are attached which in
turn drives the generator.
System model
Gear system concept
This concept can allow for a
clean, reliable and renewable
energy for powering items in
our typical homes.
Reasons of choosing this idea:
● Make electricity possible for everyone (includes people living in rural areas where
electricity is scarce).
● Provides alternatives and renewable energy for residential, commercial and
industrial purposes.
● Can function at anytime, anywhere in the world.
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Where to use it?
Homes (Urban and rural areas)
Commercial (eg. washroom)
Industrial (Machine powering)
Car (Smartphone charging)
•
How to use it?
Assemble the system after
purchasing it, all you need is just a
pull to make it works!
***NOTE : Watch in slide show for animation
The gear experiences
angular acceleration as
the mass continues to
pull the rack downwards.
The falling
gear continues
When the
mass to rotate in counterLocking
Notethe
thatspring
the Spring
locking
clockwise
direction until
losesMass, M starts
loses
itsthe
linear
When
gear
mechanism
is unlocked
mechanism
most of the
its elastic
potential
energy
and the
momentum,
spring
rotated 90°,
falling
mass regains its potential energy. Rotatable shaft
E1 decreases due to
contracts,
the
rotatablemaking
shaft hit
(to hit switch)
reducing height, while
gear to
therotates
switchcounterand
At one point,
the elastic
E2 increases
due to
clockwise.
unlock the locking
potentialincreasing
energy stored
length of
Switch to unlock the
Rack (Gear bar) is
The
mechanism
switch returns to its original position
in the extension
spring. E2ofisspring
locking mechanism
pulled
downwards
and at the same time the locking
equals to the potential
mechanism is put in place again to restrict
energy possessed by
the rotating motion of the gear. Rack & Pinion
the mass, E1.
Energy in the body of
The locking mechanism
mechanism
Pinion (circular gear) rotates
falling mass,
M and the
is unlocked,
E1 = (mass)*(gravitational
clockwise with locking mechanism
motion
of
the
gear
is
acceleration)*(height)
The mass will then start to fall again
anddown the motion &
slowing
now the
notwhole
restricted
by will be repeated.
process
limiting the speed of rotation Although the energies
the lock.
at both sides
arestored
now in
Energy
M
equal, the linear
-----NOTE----spring,
to the
E2 due
= 0.5*(spring
M when the system loses all its momentum
M
Mass, M The process will stop
E2 continues to
falling constant)*(length
motion of the
energy due to frictionThe
and
air resistance.
of
spring
is pulled
2
increase while
E1the
is system stops, what you need is just a pull mass causes
the
mass
When
extension
of
spring)
downwards due to
decreased.to returns the mass to its original position.
to continue to fall.
rotation of the gear
• Types of gearing systems used
Converts linear motion
to rotational motion and
vice versa
Transfer or increase
rotational speed of
smaller gear using
difference in number of
teeth and gear radius
Change the rotational
input speed to a
different output speed
• Circuit diagram
Sensor (Detect direction of rotation of gear)
- Output : Logic high (1) for clockwise,
Logic low (0) for counter-clockwise
Transistor 3
Generator
High Speed Gear
When the sensor sensed that the
gear is rotating clockwise, it will
send a logic high output to the
transistors,
the
circuit
at
transistors 1, 2 and 3 will be
closed so the current will flow
from generator to the battery
and load.
Battery
Transistor 1
Transistor 2
Load
Output will be sent to
3 transistors
(acting as switches)
When the sensor sensed
that the gear is rotating
counter-clockwise, it will
send a logic low output
to the transistors, the
circuit at transistors 1
and 3 will be opened
and transistor 2 will be
closed, so the current
will flow from battery to
the load.
Cost
(RM)
Material
Properties
Reason
Quantity
Gear system
High efficiency
No loss of energy
1
200
Wall Clock
Cheap
N/A
1
10
Copper Wires
Highest electrical
conductivity rating of all
non-precious metals
High efficiency and affordable
3m
4
Generator
20kw low rpm alternator
Suitable for residential areas (can be
modified for industrial usage )
1
570
DC battery
Able to supply 240V, 1kW
of power
N/A
1
190
Spring
k=300N/m
Refer to calculation
1
56
Steel Weight
Based on specified mass
Refer to calculation
5 kg
50
Hanger & Plastics
Strong
Able to withstand weight of system
1
50
Transistors
Able to operate at
240Volts, 1 kW without
overheating
N/A
3
20
Sensor
High sensitivity
Detect direction of rotation of pinion
1
250
TOTAL (For Home Usage 20kW Power Output)
1400
•
Taking mass, M = 5kg; Radius of pinion, R = 0.25m;
Perpendicular distance of spring’s attached point on the pinion to centre of pinion, Rs = 0.23m
When M = 5kg, weight of object, W = mg = 5kg(9.81m/s2) = 49.05N
Taking moment at centre of pinion,
F1(0.25) = F2(0.23)
For the mass to drop, initially F1 > F2,
(49.05)(0.25) > (kx)(0.23) ; Taking spring constant, k = 300 N/m
Length of extension of spring, x < 0.178m (initial extension)
As x increases as M drops, when x > 0.178m, the force of the spring will exceed the mass,
causing the gear to rotates in counter-clockwise direction.
•
Taking efficiency of induction generator used, η as 70%
•
Input Power needed = 20kW / 0.7
Input Power needed = 28.57 kW
•
When shaft torque, T = 180 N·m,
Speed of rotation needed to produce 20kW of output,
N = 25.26 rev/sec = 1516 rev/min
F2 = kx
0.25m
F1 = W
0.23m
Benefits
Shortcomings
➢ Generates green and
renewable energy.
➢ Low maintenance fee with
proper usage.
➢ Save money as the system
reduces electricity
consumption in the long
run.
➢ People living in rural areas
will be able to enjoy the
electricity too.
➢ Concept is applicable in
areas with gravity.
➢ Usage of plastic in the
manufacturing process.
➢ A pulling force is needed
to restart the system when
it stops.
➢ Needs battery to supply
current to load when the
pinion is rotating in
opposite direction.
 Design can be customized based on residential,
commercial and industrial purpose.
 Further research and development on the concept can
be done to :
 Promote the usage of recyclable and environment friendly materials in
the manufacturing process.
 Create a system that does not require a manual restart when the
system stops and at the same time maintaining the efficiency of the
system.
 Improve the design to make it more compact, elegant, classy.
 Minimize the usage of battery by creating a system that allows the
generator to rotates in a single direction (eg. using camshaft or cam
and follower systems).
 Power generated by the Gravity Electric Generator is
green, efficient and sustainable for the entire mankind.