Transcript Slide 1

Efficiency + Modularity = the new
Green UPS Design
Ed Spears
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Data Centers – A Global Perspective
Wasted energy burdens the environment
and increases operational expenses
Carbon Footprint in IT Computing
» Only 3% of the energy entering a data center is used for net
computing creating opportunities for efficiency improvements
(Source: IBM, 2009)
Item
Units
Delivered
Generation
The Grid
Data Center
Server
Processor
Server Load
65 Steam
35 Electric
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(45% DCiE, 2.2 PUE)
15
5
0.1- 4***
*Data source: U.S. Department of Energy, May 18, 2007, ** Does not account approx 5 units to deliver coal or gas, *** IBM, 2008
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Challenges For Customers
Energy costs and regulatory compliance will continue
to place organizations at risk
Social, economic and regulatory pressures to reduce
carbon emissions and energy costs globally
Increasing Energy Costs
» Through 2009, Energy costs will emerge as the second highest operating
cost (behind labor) in 70% of the Data Center facilities worldwide (source: Gartner)
Sustainability
» 80% of CEO’s view sustainability as impacting brand value (source: 2008, McKinsey)
» 31% say they want to reduce their environmental impact (source: 2008, McKinsey)
» IT accounts for 2% of the global CO2 emissions, as much as the
airline industry (source: 2008, IBM, UK)
Regulations
» 82% of executives expect some form of climate
change regulation within 5 years (source: 2008, McKinsey)
» European Union Code of Conduct for Data Centers
» UK Carbon Reduction Commitment (2010)
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The Quest For Energy Efficiencies
The Key Challenge
For Our Customers
Energy Efficiency
» Reduced OpEx
» Sustainability
» Regulations
Source: CEMEP UPS
The Solution
Energy Advantage Architecture
» Innovative proprietary technologies bringing new
ways to maximize UPS energy efficiencies without
compromising on reliability
Eaton 9395 UPS
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Energy Advantage Architecture
Two complementary Eaton-proprietary technologies
to maximize UPS performance & efficiency
Variable Module Management System (VMMS)
» Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode
» Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications
Energy Saver Systems (ESS)
» The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency
» Automatic fast transfer to double conversion
mode when needed (in less than 2 ms)
Energy Advantage Architecture
 Higher System Efficiency
 No Compromise On Reliability
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Energy Advantage Architecture
Variable Module Management System (VMMS)
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
The Challenge For UPS’s
» In double conversion mode, the efficiency of
any UPS varies depending on the % of load
• Highest efficiency when close to full capacity
» UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity
• This is a fact in redundant systems
The Solution:
Eaton 9395 UPS
and VMMS
» How to maximize efficiency potential of
UPS systems with lighter loads
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The Solution: Eaton VMMS
How to maximize efficiency with lighter loads in double
conversion mode, especially in multi-UPS and redundant
system configurations?
Solution #1 (+)
Concentrate load on certain UPS’s to maximize
UPS load level and overall system efficiency
» Some energy savings
• Limited to multiple-UPS systems (with several UPS in parallel)
• Still not optimal
Solution #2 (+++)
Eaton 9395 and its Variable Module Management System
» Automatically optimize efficiency at UPM level
• Concentrate the load on certain UPM’s to maximize
overall system efficiency
» Only possible thanks to modularity of Eaton 9395 UPS
• Not limited to multiple-UPS systems
• Achieve even higher optimization thanks to UPM’s modularity
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VMMS Principle
Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations
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Fast Start VMMS/ESS Technology
INVERTER ON
INVERTER IN SUSPENDED MODE
+DC
+DC
A
B
C
A
B
C
UPS
RECTIFIER
-DC
-DC
Same Circuit with transistors off.
• The pumpback diodes rectify the critical bus output and create appox. 700vdc on the pos and
neg dc rails.
• The pumpback diodes act as a 3phase bridge rectifier.
Pumpback Diode
A diode in the Inverter assembly that pumps
excess energy back into the DC link during
transistor turn off or transfers on and off line.
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VMMS Principle
VMMS maximizes % load of each UPM
Optimizing overall system efficiency
100%
95%
EATON UPS
System Efficiency gain
thanks to 9395 and VMMS
LEGACY UPS
System Efficiency gain
using legacy UPS efficiency
optimization
90%
85%
Higher Efficiency
with 9395
and VMMS
80%
20%
% load of each UPM in Case1 when using
Eaton 9395 UPS without VMMS
% load of each legacy UPS in Case1
(no multi-UPS efficiency optimization)
40%
60%
% load of each UPS in Case2
(legacy UPS with some multi-UPS
efficiency optimization)
80%
100%
% load of each active UPM in
Case3 when using Eaton 9395
and VMMS
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VMMS In A Nutshell
9395 UPS Efficiency
96
94
92
Eaton 9395 1100kVA UPS
Efficiency %
90
Eaton 9395 825kVA UPS
88
93951100kVA
550kVA
with
VMMSand
N+0configuration*
configuration*
9395
andN+0
Eaton
9395
550kVA
UPS
9395
825kVA
with
VMMS
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Eaton 9395 275kVA UPS
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VMMS allows to shift
to higher efficiency
curves (according to
system’s redundancy
requirements)
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Typical Operations Range
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up to N+0 VMMS
efficiency curve
Load kVA
9395 275kVA
9395 550kVA
9395 825kVA
9395 1100kVA
9395 VMMS N+0
Notes:
- Scaled drawing
- VMMS and N+0 curves using VMMS default max
UPM % load level @ 80% (*)
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VMMS Applications
VMMS can be used in all multi-module
(multiple-UPM) 9395 systems
» Single 9395 units from 550kVA to 1100kVA
» Distributed parallel systems SBM Systems
Typical Applications Where VMMS
Particularly Efficient
» Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPS’s
• Lightly loaded: typically operate at loads < 45% load
level where efficiency is not optimal
» Data Centers, especially when UPS system
feeds dual corded servers
» Any applications when load is not constant
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VMMS Example:
9395 / 825kVA Units in Dual Corded Load with A & B feeds
“A”
Example with 440kVA load
(A 220kVA + B 220kVA)
“B”
Single / Dual Source
Data Center with Dual
Corded Servers
UPS Configuration
Without VMMS
VMMS on N+1 Redundancy
VMMS on N+0 Redundancy
Efficiency
91.2%
92.8%
94.3%
Used as reference for
savings calculation
56 MWh / year
108 MWh / year
@ 440kVA load
UPS
Energy Savings
Additional Benefits
& Comments
 Industry-leading
UPS efficiency in
double conversion
 Additional energy savings from reduced cooling in VMMS
(typically +30-40% to UPS energy savings)
 UPM’s in VMMS ready state available for redundancy
A Feed
220kVA
A Feed
220kVA
A Feed
220kVA
B Feed
220kVA
B Feed
220kVA
B Feed
220kVA
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VMMS – How Can I Get It?
Variable Module Management System
is available:
» on Eaton 9395 UPS
» Earlier installations can also be
upgraded with VMMS capability
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Energy Saver System
The game-changing UPS technology
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UPS inefficiencies are a significant contributor
to energy costs
Example – 2009
$1M buys approximately
50 5kW racks
Cost of UPS electrical
losses per year – $28k
* Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The
Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007
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The Answer — Energy Saver System
 Efficient
99% efficiency across entire
operating range
 Intelligent
Detects incoming power quality and
engages modules as needed
 Reliable
Proven double conversion topology
ensures continuous load availability
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Engage subsystems in real time, based
on input power quality
Input Power
Quality
Active Modules
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Energy Saver System is Fast
Computer system tolerance.
20 mSec…..1/50th of a second
Digital Static Transfer Switch (STS).
4 mSec…..1/250th of a second
Energy Saver System.
1.2 mSec total…1/830th of a second
(Inverter is engaged in 620 micro-seconds!)
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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages
Test Setup
•
Source Channels -> 3,5,&7
•
Output/Load Channels ->
4,6,&8
•
Load -> 100KW Resistive
•
Unit -> 275KVA IR
(Internal Redundant) with
Common Battery
Test Description
Source
•
1/2 cycle 0% dropout
sequence (All Phases)
(0% is a low impedance
(short) source fault)
Output
Test Result
•
1.2ms Transfer Time
(600us detection time plus
600us SCR clearing time).
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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages
Continued
Test Setup
•
Source Channels ->
3,5,&7
•
Output/Load Channels ->
4,6,&8
•
Load -> 225KVA ∆Y
Transformer with 100KW
Resistive Load
•
Unit -> 275KVA IR
(Internal Redundant) with
Separate Batteries
Source
Test Description
•
Output
40 cycle 40% dropout
sequence (All Phases)
Test Result
•
1.6ms Transfer Time
(1ms detection time plus
600us SCR clearing
time).
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Test Setup
•
Source Channels -> 3,5,&7
•
Output/Load Channels ->
4,6,&8
•
Load -> 100KW Resistive
•
Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common
Battery
Test Description
Source
•
1 cycle 0% dropout
sequence (phase L1)
(0% is a low impedance
(short) source fault)
Output
Test Result
•
1ms Transfer Time
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Continued
Test Setup
•
Source Channels -> 3,5,&7
•
Output/Load Channels ->
4,6,&8
•
Load -> 100KW Resistive
•
Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common
Battery
Test Description
•
Source
12 cycle 40% dropout
sequence (phase L2)
Test Result
•
1.2ms Transfer Time
Output
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Continued
Test Setup
•
Source Channels -> 3,5,&7
•
Output/Load Channels ->
4,6,&8
•
Load -> 225KVA ∆Y
Transformer with 100KW
Resistive Load
•
Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Separate
Batteries
Source
Test Description
•
1 cycle 0% dropout
sequence (Phase L2)
Output
Test Result
•
1.6ms Transfer Time
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What about power line transients?
» In either ESS or VMMS mode the inverter filter is
continuously “on-line” – it works with an inline inductor
to filter out any abnormal line transients. Need proof?
Inverter Filter
Inline inductor
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ESS Technology
“Typical” Surge
~
=
IT Equipment tolerance
UPS output with Surge Filter
~
=
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High Alert Mode
High Alert Mode: Continued
Storm Detection:
Storm detection is the setting in which the UPS locks into
double conversion mode when three power line disturbances
have forced three transfers from ESS to double conversion
mode within an hour. The system will then remain in high
alert mode for one hour after the last line disturbance (before
transferring back to ESS). Any power strategy command
from the front display will reset the one hour ESS lockout
period. Note: the one hour timer is EEP configurable.
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Operation during faults (short circuits)
ESS Output Fault Detection (Breaker Clearing)
While in ESS the UPS is capable of detecting the
difference between a load fault and an upstream short.
If a load fault is detected, the UPS will try to clear the
fault/breaker by remaining in ESS. If the fault is a short
upstream from the UPS, it will immediately perform a
forward transfer. The forward transfer time is less than
2 ms (due to the DSP control)
ESS Overload Behavior
If the load exceeds 110% of the UPS capacity while in
Energy Saver System, the UPS will transfer to bypass
and will remain there until the overload clears. Once the
overload clears, the unit transitions back to Energy
Saver System (except for output faults – see above).
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Energy Saver System saves even more at lower
loadings
ESS Efficiency — 99% across the complete operating range
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Energy Saver System — the bottom line
The energy savings from ESS typically recovers
100% of the UPS cost over a 2-3 year period.
» At 250 kW of critical load, the savings is equivalent to
$4000 per year per point of efficiency gain.
Backing up your 250 kW load with an ESS UPS
is equivalent to pulling 29 cars off the road.
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Energy Saver System – The Bottom Line – 250kW
Summary Table
Critical Load
50 kW
125 kW
250 kW
500 kW
700 kW
$0.11
$0.11
$0.11
$0.11
$0.11
92.5%
92.5%
93%
93%
93%
99%
99%
99%
99%
99%
3-Year energy savings
145 MW hr
363 MW hr
670 MW hr
1340 MW hr
1876 MW hr
3-Year CO2 savings
104 metric
tons
261 metric
tons
481 metric
tons
962 metric
tons
1347 metric
tons
6 cars
16 cars
29 cars
59 cars
82 cars
$15,972
$39.929
$73,715
$147,431
$206,403
Electric Costs (energy + demand) per
kW hr
Legacy UPS efficiency
Eaton ESS UPS efficiency
Cars off the road
3-Year electric cost savings
•
•
The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the UPS cost
over a 2 - 3 year period
Every 250kW with ESS is equivalent to pulling 29 cars off the road.
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Summary — Energy Saver System
Energy costs are overwhelming
equipment costs in data centers.
» UPS electrical losses account for 5–10%
of the overall electrical expenditure.*
Eaton’s Energy Saver System drives
these losses down to nearly zero.
The energy savings recovers the cost
of the UPS in less than five years.
* Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The
Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007
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