Transcript Loop and Nodal Analysis and Op Amps

Electronic Circuits Laboratory
EE462G
Lab Background, Procedures, and
Overview
History of Electronics
Vacuum Tubes
Developed
by Lee DeForest (1906)
Used in amplifiers and switching devices
Led to spread of radio broadcasting
1920’s, Television 1930’s, electronic
computers 1940’s
Educational Links
http://www.paia.com/~paia/tubworks.htm
History of Electronics
Solid-State Transistors
 Developed by William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter
Brattian (Bell Labs) (1947)
 Similar applications as vacuum tube except it requires less
power, has a lower manufacturing cost, performs more
robustly, and could be miniaturized.
Educational Links
http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_xtor.htm
http://www.milbert.com/tstxt.htm
http://www.pbs.org/transistor/
N-Type
Silicon
N-Type
Silicon
P-Type
Silicon
History of Electronics
Integrated Circuits (ICs)


Developed by Jack Kilby (TI), and by Noyce and
Moore (Fairchild Semiconductor) (1958).
Multiple transistors, resistors, and capacitors,
fabricated on a single wafer (chip) and could be
made very small.
Educational Links
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~antoon/circ/circuits.htm
http://members.tripod.com/michaelgellis/tutorial.html
http://bftgu.solarbotics.net/starting_elect_ic.html
http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/quartz/technology/integrated.html
Electronic Components Studied
Diodes
pn
junction
Zener
Transistors
Effect Transistors – (FETs)
Bipolar Junction Transistors – (BJTs)
Field
The first transistor
http://www.mtmi.vu.lt/pfk/funkc_dariniai/transistor/
http://www.interq.or.jp/japan/se-inoue/e_diode.htm
Nonlinear Device Characterization

To measure nonlinear device characteristics, voltage/current
amplitudes are swept over input terminals while measuring
current/voltage across output terminals (analogous to sweeping
frequencies in linear RLC circuits while measuring amplitude and
phase changes between input and output – What is this
characterization called?).

Curve tracers systematically sweep voltage amplitudes over two
terminals of a device while measuring the resulting current. The
current-voltage relationships is referred to as the transfer
characteristic (TC) curve of the device.

Why is the TC NOT a good model for linear devices? What would
the TC curve or an ideal resistor look like?
Instrumentation - Oscilloscope
http://www.tek.com/site/ps/0,,41-12482-INTRO_EN,00.html
Tektronix’s
Oscilloscopes
TDS3012B
Key operating concepts
•Vertical scale adjustments
•Horizontal scale adjustments
•Trigger adjustments
•Earth ground connections
Instrumentation - Multimeter
http://www.tek.com/Measurement/cgi-bin/framed.pl?Document=/Measurement/Products/catalog/cdm250/&FrameSet=other
Tektronix’s
Multimeter
CDM250
Key operating concepts
•Connections for voltage, current, and resistance measurements
•Selection of scale for measurement
•Ground connections
Instrumentation – Power Supplies
http://www.tek.com/site/ps/0,,40-10199-INTRO_EN,00.html
Tektronix’s
PS280 DC Power Supply:
Key operating concepts:
•Setting and limiting DC voltages and currents
•Connecting chassis and earth grounds
Instrumentation – Function Generator
http://www.tek.com/site/ps/0,,76-12019-INTRO_EN,00.html
Tektronix’s
Function Generator
AFG310
Key operating Concepts
•Selecting waveforms
•Selecting waveform parameters
•Grounding issues
Instrumentation – Curve Tracer
http://www.tek.com/site/ps/0,,76-10757-INTRO_EN,00.html
Tektronix’s Curve Tracer
370B
Key Operating Concepts
•Voltage sweep pattern selection
•Horizontal and vertical scale adjustment
•Step changes for third terminal voltage or current
•Device socket plug
Laboratory Component Supplies
Parts can be purchased from the IEEE parts store
(http://ieee.uky.edu/) located in Room 560 PFAT
Individual components:
Breadboard - 1
Wire kit bag - 1
Laboratory Component Supplies
Resistors:
10 ohm (3)
100 (3)
510 (3)
1K (3)
2.2K (3)
5.1K (3)
10K (3)
22K (3)
100K (3)
180K (3)
220K (3)
470 (1)
1K (1)
1.2K (1)
1.6K (1)
2K (1)
3.3K (1)
11K (1)
1Meg (1)
Laboratory Component Supplies
Capacitors:
0.022µF (3)
2.2µF (3)
10µF (3)
47µF (3)
100µF (3)
Diodes:
Diode- IN4001 (4)
Zener diode- IN964A (1)
BJT:
NPN, PN2222 (2)
MOSFETs:
n-channel MOSFET- ZVN3306-ND (4)
p-channel MOSFET- ZVP3306-ND (2)
Course Web Links
Syllabus
http://www.engr.uky.edu/~donohue/ee462g/sylee462g.html
Supplies
http://www.engr.uky.edu/~donohue/ee462g/ee462supplies.pdf
Lab Assignments
http://www.engr.uky.edu/~donohue/ee462g/labee462g.html
Lecture Notes
http://www.engr.uky.edu/~donohue/ee462g/lecee462g.html
Special Assignment 1
Download and read through tutorial on oscilloscopes (~50 Pages), “The
XYZs of Oscilloscopes”
http://www.tek.com/Measurement/App_Notes/XYZs/03W_8605_2.pdf
1.
2.
3.
4.
Print out pages 51 through 55.
Put your name on the first page and complete the written exercises.
Use the answer key to determine number of wrong responses, put that number on the
front page next to your name and circle it.
On a separate sheet of paper, briefly describe (10 to 15 sentences) how an analog
oscilloscope displays a periodic waveform. Assume the trigger is set to the same
channel as the periodic waveform being displayed. Be sure to clearly describe the
relationship between the trigger, oscillating signal, and CRT sweep rate. The reader
should have a good idea why a periodic waveform appears stationary on the
oscilloscope. You can sketch diagrams if that helps your explanation.
Attach all pages together and hand in at the beginning of the next lecture period. The
assignment grade will depend on completing 1 through 3 and the quality of the
explanation in 4.