Transcript Abu-el-Atta_MENA_IGBP

Egyptian National IGBP Committee
IGBP National Committee activities in Egypt
By
Dr. Gehad Abu-el-Ata (Cairo University)
Member, IGBP National Committee
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
Regional Workshop - Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Sustainable Water and Land Management in Semi-Arid Regions
Cairo, Egypt , 20-21 November 2008
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Objectives
• Hold workshops on various environmental issues.
• Communicate with the scientific community through the website
www.scope.eg.net
• Exchange views with the scientific community through a non-periodical
newsletter for SCOPE & IGBP
• Collaborating efforts with concerned committees and organizations for
SCOPE & IGBP in the Arab region
• Publish Arabic versions of the SCOPE & IGBP publications
• Discuss and establish directories for Environmental Scientists,
Research and Development activities in Egypt
• Set training programs for young scientists in environmental sciences
• Inform concerned organizations and personnel about new approaches
in Global change
• Encourage and guide young researchers in Environmental science, and
on how to participate in international activities
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Targets
• Hold five workshops in Upper Egypt and the Delta on “Global Change
and its impact on the Egyptian Environment.
• Establish a website (Arabic & English) for SCOPE and IGBP under the
website of National Committees / Academy of Scientific Research and
Technology (EGYPT) www.scope.eg.net
• Issue a non-periodical newsletter for SCOPE & IGBP (English & Arabic)
• Start formation of a committee for SCOPE & IGBP in the Arab region in
collaboration with concerned organizations
• Translate some of SCOPE & IGBP publications into Arabic
• Issue directories for Environmental Scientists, Research and
Development activities in Egypt
• Set training programs for young scientists in environmental sciences
• Inform Environmentalists about all new approaches in Global change
• Encourage young researchers in Environmental science, and guide
them on how to participate in international activities
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Members
•Dr. Mohammed Saber (Chairman)
Environmental Biotechnology
•Dr. Magdy Attia (
Agriculture
)
•Dr. Ahmed Farghaly
Environmental Accounting
•Dr. Ahmed Maher Abdel-raouf
Environmental Engineering
•Dr. Ismail H. Al-Bagoury
Land and Water Conservation
•Dr. Inas I. Al-Sheokh
Environmental Medicine
•Dr. Gehad A. Abo El-Ata
Environmental Medicine
•Dr. Samir I. Ghabour
Zoology
•Dr. Diaa El-Deen A. Al-Kousy
Water Resource Management
•Dr. Eessam El-Henawy
Soil
•Dr. Ferial Morsy Al-Bedaiwy
Geology
•Dr. Fawkia Labib Bahna
Soil
•Dr. Magdy Tawfik Khalil
Aquatic Biology
•Dr. Moustafa Hassan Helal
Soil
•Dr. Nagwa Abdel-Rahim Kamel
Information and Communication
•Dr. Salah Nasr Ayaad
Science
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Activities
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Our Website
www.scope.eg.net
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Activities
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Our Newsletter
First Issue
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Activities
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Our Symposia
The 1st Symposium on global change and its effect on Egypt
Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 14th September 2004
First
Symposium
The 1st Symposium, on global change and its effect on Egypt, organized by SCOPE & IGBP National
Committee was held in Suez Canal University on 14th September 2004 under the auspices of Excellences
Prof. Dr. Amr Salama, Minster of High Education and Scientific Research and General Eng., Magid George
State Minster of Environmental Affairs and Generall Sabri El-Adawi Governor of Isamaelia. Prof. Dr. Fawzi
El-Refaie President of ASRT, and Prof. Dr, Farouk Abd-el-Kader President of Suez Canal University chaired
the symposium. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Saber, Chairman of Egyptian SCOPE & IGBP committee acted as
secretary general of the symposium. Two hundred environmental scientists from universities and research
institutions as well as representatives from mass media, environmental executives and NGO members in
the region attended the symposium. The program of the symposium, in two sessions, covered Change in
Atmosphere Ecosystem, Change in Aquatic Ecosystem, Change in Land Ecosystem, interactions Between
Aquatic and Land Ecosystems, Interactions Between Land, Atmosphere and Ocean Ecosystems and
Human dimensions. The 3rd Session was devoted to open discussion.
Major Findings and outreach
• Monitoring environmental changes occurring in terrestrial, aquatic and atmosphere ecosystems in Egypt.
• Setting short and long-term national strategy to combat and mitigate adverse impacts of global change on Egyptian
environment. A new established national authority would implement the strategy.
• Developing a national network on research priorities in the field of global change and its effect on environment.
• Endorse knowledge and information exchange between Egyptian institutions and other interested national and
international organizations.
• Focus on socio-economic aspects in research dealing with the consequences of global change on environment.
• Strengthen the efforts of mass media in the dissemination of popular information and knowledge on global change and
its expected consequences on environment.
• Organizing local, regional and international workshops, symposiums and conferences on the impacts of global change
on environment.
• Limiting new projects in industrial and urban areas, when pollutants in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide,
exceeds international safe levels.
• Assessing environmental impacts in tourist regions, particularly on Egyptian shores.
• Conserving Egyptian biodiversity from the expected adverse impacts of global change.
• Considering the adverse impacts of global change on river Nile in the national plan of water use in Egypt.
• Enhancing tree cultivation everywhere.
• Start disseminating renewable sources of energy with low pollutant emissions.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Activities
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Our Symposia
The 2nd Symposium on global change and its effect on Egypt
Mansoura University, Mansoura, 27th December 2005
Second
Symposium
The 2nd Symposium, on global change and its effect on the environment in Egypt,
organized by SCOPE & IGBP National Committee will be held in Mansoura University
on 27th December 2005 under the auspices of HE. Minster of High Education and
Scientific Research and HE. State Minster of Environmental Affairs and H.E. Governor
of Dakahlia. HE President of ASRT and H.E. President of Mansoura University will
chair the symposium. The Secretary general will be Prof. Dr. Mohamed Saber,
Chairman of Egyptian SCOPE & IGBP committee. The symposium will be attended by
250 of environmental scientists from universities and research institutions, mass
media, environmental executives and NGO members in the region. The program of the
symposium, in two sessions, will be cover some biological aspects related to global
change. The 3rd Session will be devoted to open discussion.
Major Findings and outreach
• Development of the existing natural reserves is very vital for the sake of conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity.
• Development of the national gene bank in Egypt, and encourage the establishment of other
gene banks allover Egypt.
• Enforcement of national and international environmental legislations concerning biodiversity.
• Conserving endangered species
• Raising the environmental awareness in field of biodiversity in targeted groups.
• Considering socio-economic aspects in the use of biodiversity.
• Environmental accounting should be considered as a very useful tool to achieve sustainable
use of biodiversity
• Establishment of a data base as well as a registry for biodiversity in Egypt.
• Planting and executing R&D a strategy and action plans in the different research institutions
and universities in biodiversity and bioinformatics fields as well.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Activities
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Our Symposia
Acute Air Pollution Episode (Black Smug)
Academy for Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, ……….. 2008
The 3rd Symposium, on …………………………….
Third
Symposium
Major Findings and outreach
• Development ………………………….
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
Activities
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Connections
• Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo
• National Research Center (NRC) , Behos Street, Dokki, Cairo
• Agriculture Research Center,(AGR) EL-Gamma Street , Giza
• Desert Research Institute. Mataria, Cairo
• National Oceanography Research Institute, Alexandria
• Water Research Institute, Katater-el-Khayria , Qualubia
• Faculties of Science and Faculties of Agriculture in different
universities
• Egyptian Environmental Affairs Authority (EEAA) Maadi,
Helwan
• Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki , Cairo
• Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation, Cairo
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• Egypt emits moderately few greenhouse gases compared to numerous
other nations: 0.34% of total worldwide fossil fuel emissions (0.36 tons/per
capita).
• Egypt is the 15th most populated country in the world and extremely
susceptible to negative environmental penalty of global change that would
worsen existing problems and intimidate to overwhelm the country, which
already is worried by population pressure and resource shortage.
• Imperative belongings of global change comprise water scarcity, food
insufficiency, loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, and new pressures on
human health.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• A mean surface temperature climb has been evidenced over some
Egyptian regions in the last decade and future increase ranging between
0.01 to 0.04°C annually have been predicated.
• The temperature rise is expected to reach around +4°C by the year 2060.
• If current trends in greenhouse gas emissions persist, global temperatures
will rise faster over the 21st century than during the last 10,000 years and
annual precipitation will decline by 10 to 40% over much of Egypt by 2100.
This, in combination with increased evaporation, will increase the frequency
and severity of droughts.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• It is likely that the first impacts of global change in Egypt will be
experience at the level of water resources.
• Water is already a incomplete resource in Egypt, with per capita share just
below 1000 m3 annually and is thus at the edge of the so-called poverty
line.
• By 2050, global change is likely to augment water demand by an average
of 5% .
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• Hotter and drier circumstances would broaden the area apt to
desertification northwards into new areas. Desertification would also be
provoked by increases in erosion and lessening in soil fertility. The economic
and human costs of an increase in desertification would be marvelous.
• Major sea level rises along the Mediterranean shoreline could brush away
about one-quarter of the agricultural land of the delta and displace millions
of people. Productive land in coastal areas may also be lost through
flooding, saline intrusion and water-logging. Agricultural production might
cease altogether over an area extending 20 km inland.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• Probable decrease in crop
harvests in key Egyptian crops
as a result of global change by
the year 2050 sufficiency is
predictable to decline by 1030% due to increases in
temperature, precipitation,
evaporation / aspiration,
ultraviolet radiation, CO2
levels, and the occurrence of
pests and diseases.
Expected decrease in crop harvests in major
Egyptian crops as a result of global change
by the year 2050
%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Wheat
• Livestock production would
also suffer due to reduced land
quality and land availability.
Maize
Sorghum
Barely
Rice
Soybean
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• Global changes will reshape the main habitats in Egypt.
• Although Egypt is either arid or semi-arid, its exceptionally
varied eco-zones subsume great diversity of habitats, fauna and
flora, despite overall low species numbers. These ecosystems
and habitats must be uphold to safeguard biodiversity and,
inversely, species must be protected in order to conserve the
ecosystems and habitats.
• As in agriculture, different wild species of plants and animals will
act in a different way to global change. Some are more supple
than others and may manage to migrate northwards.
• Northern coastal and low-lying areas – rich in species and
subsuming mangroves and natural reefs that are among the
richest in the world in terms of biodiversity – will be injured by
rises in sea level and population.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• The associated immigration of species to new areas will cause harsh socio-economic problems.
Climate change will also crash marine habitats in a complex and interactive way.
• In the old valley and delta habitats, where more than 95% of Egyptians live, flooding will increase
soluble salt content up to 1500 ppm in ground water, adversely impacting the inhabitants and
biodiversity. As a result of sea level rise in the delta, it is expected that some damage will affect the
surrounding areas adjacent to the Egyptian northern lakes, e.g., El-Manzala Lake.
• In Sinai and eastern desert habitats, marginal pasture areas will be exaggerated by expected
reduced precipitation, and many cultivated areas will be prone to desertification due to water
deficiency. At high altitudes, an anticipated increase in rainfall might have some minor positive
effects on natural vegetation.
• In the Red Sea, a northward shift of the rain belt would rouse primary productivity in some habitats,
but the reefs would be negatively pretentious. Mangrove growth, however, would be preferential by
temperature rise and increased precipitation.
• In the western desert and the southern valley habitats, the expected rise in temperature will add to
the water requirements of field crops and fruit trees, and a considerable number of the currently
endangered species might be misplaced as coastal communities are lost and native communities
invaded by competitors.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• Coastlines and the northern delta are particularly susceptible to global change.
Climate change will most certainly hurry coastal erosion. Large areas of farmland
behind Alexandria and in the mid-delta are already below sea level and hence
vulnerable to flooding and underground salt water intrusion that would cause
catastrophic socioeconomic losses and large-scale population displacement.
• Wetland sites will face the dual threats of drying out and being inundated by
seawater. Up to 85% of wetland sites in Egypt could disappear with a 3 to 4 °C rise in
temperatures, which also would damage food plants and reduce waterfowl and fish
populations. Fisheries and tourism are thus two additional economic activities that
stand to be negatively impacted by global change.
• A 0.5 meter sea level rise in the delta would cause migration of more than two million
people, loss of more than 214,000 jobs and a value loss of more than $40 billion.
• A 1 meter rise in sea level could lead Egypt to loose one percent of its land,
displacing tens of millions of people and endangering the food supplies of many more.
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
• The most straight health impacts in Egypt will be an increase in the incidence of
asthma as higher temperatures will result in even more stern urban air pollution.
• Higher temperatures would also increase the transmission and severity of many
infectious diseases.
• More frequent heat waves are predicted to result in thousands of extra deaths from
cardiovascular and respiratory illness. There could also be deaths and injuries from
extreme weather events (storms, heat waves).
• Food- and waterborne infective agents causing diarrhea and dysenteric infections
are likely to spread more readily in warmer and wetter conditions.
• Deterioration of freshwater quality would reduce health standards and worsen
epidemics. Reductions in food security would increase the risks of malnutrition and
hunger for millions in Egypt..
Egyptian National IGBP Committee
IGBP
Thank You
www.scope.eg.net