Transcript SESAME CLS

The SESAME* Story
*Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East
Chris Llewellyn Smith
Director of Energy Research, Oxford University
President SESAME Council
‘Science for Peace’
Two organisations created under the umbrella of UNESCO:
CERN
Conceived late 1940s - two aims:
• Enable construction of a facility beyond
means of individual members
• Foster cooperation between peoples
recently in conflict
SESAME
Conceived late 1990s with the same aims:
• Members: Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran,
Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestinian
Authority, Turkey
• Hope start commissioning mid 2016
It will work politically provided science
is first class
Location of SESAME
SESAME is a 3rd generation light-source (‘very powerful flash lamp
→ microscope’) under construction near Amman
SESAME will foster
- science and technology in the Middle East and neighbouring
countries (from biology and medical sciences through materials
science, chemistry, and physics to archaeology)
- cooperation across political divides
Observers: Brazil, China,
EU, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Japan, Kuwait,
Portugal, Russian
Federation, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, USA
BAHRAIN
There are some 60 synchrotron-light sources in the world
None in the Middle East
 International Collaboration is the obvious way for countries with
relatively small scientific communities and/or limited science budgets to
build a synchrotron-light source
 Broad programmes make synchrotron-light sources ideal facilities for
building scientific capacity
 SESAME will be a user facility: scientists will typically go to SESAME two
or three times a year for a week or two to carry out experiments, in
collaboration with scientists from other institutions/countries
Buildings can be used for high-quality Middle East Scientific meetings
Synchrotron Radiation
The electromagnetic field surrounding the electrons is unable to respond
instantaneously when the electrons are deflected; some of the energy in the field
keeps going, producing a tangential cone of synchrotron radiation.
As the electrons’ energy increases, the cone of radiation narrows, and the radiated
power goes up dramatically.
In third generation sources, devices in straight sections (wigglers, undulators) put
magnetic ‘bumps in the road’ – radiation from successive bumps adds to make
much a more intense beam
Inside the SESAME Experimental Hall Schematic
Shielding houses electron
accelerator and storage ring
Intense beams of light (infrared to X-rays) generated by
circulating electrons exit
through ports in the shielding
Shielding houses electron source,
pre-accelerator and booster
synchrotron
Experimental Hall May 2012
Booster
November 2013
Beam stored &
brought to full energy
(800 MeV)
September 2014
The highest energy
accelerator in the
Middle East
First of 16 sectors of the main storage ring at CERN 31 March 2015
Collaboration between CERN, SESAME Members and Observers
Spain :
quadrupoles
France :
sextupole
coils
In Addition
Italy : Dipoles power supply
Switzerland: controllers +
correctors power supplies
Israel : power supplies for
quadrupole sand sextupoles
Germany:
vacuum
chambers
UK :
dipoles
Pakistan :
sextupoles
Spain
girders
Cyprus :
sextupoles
Turkey :
quadrupole
coils
X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE
AND FLUORESCENCE BEAMLINE
Picture of the pre-aligned Beamline Components in the Test Area
BPM
VCM
M-Slt
DCM
VCM: Vertical Collimating Mirror
BPM: Beam Position Monitor
DCM: Double crystal Monochromator
M-Slt: Monochromatic Slits
VFM : Vertical Focusing Miroor
VFM
Science Beginning with Infra-Red Microscope
11 proposals approved. First experiments in 2014
e.g. Study of breast cancer by
Fatemeh Elmi, Assistant Professor,
University of Mazandaran, North Iran
+ Randa Mansour and Nisreen
Dahshan, PhD students in the Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Jordan.
Programme with synchrotron-radiation will begin in 2017
Very Brief History of SESAME
• Convergence of two ideas – build a light source in the Middle East
(Abdus Salam – early 1980s) + foster projects that cross divides
• Original proposal (1997) - rebuild old 0.8 GeV Berlin Synchrotron
(BESSY 1) in the Middle East, as basis for a new international
organisation, modelled on CERN
• 1999 - (Interim) Council established under auspices of UNESCO,
followed by international advisory committees
• 2002 - decision to build a new 2.5 GeV ring (still using BESSY booster)
competitive 3rd generation facility
• Ground breaking (2003); completion of building (2008)
• Commissioning should start mid 2016
SESAME GROUND BREAKING CEREMONY - 6 JANUARY 2003
Training Programme (thanks to external support listed later)
Users’ Meetings, Schools, Workshops, Fellowships, visits to operating
light-sources,.. . are building technical and scientific capacity in the region
1st Users’ Meeting Amman 2002
10th Users’ Meeting Amman 2012
SESAME-JSPS School Cairo 2008
Began training accelerator experts
who returned to the Middle East
Now Training Scientists
Left @ Advanced Light Source
Users’ Meeting, Right @ NSLS
Members of SESAME Accelerator Group, 2007
SESAME SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
SESAME People’s Thoughts
Engin Ozdas, Hacettepe University, Ankara: “SESAME has
created trust and personal friendships between researchers in
the member countries and developed countries, which may
help solve regional and global political problems”.
Azadeh Shahsavar, pictured at the 8th
SESAME Users’ Meeting at Petra (Jordan)
in 2009, Iranian PhD student, University
of Copenhagen: “SESAME will provide me a great opportunity to
access a synchrotron light source near home. I expect SESAME to
support a broad range of science and technology in the Middle East
and bring together bright scientific minds”.
Eliezer Rabinovici, Hebrew University and Israeli
representative on the SESAME Council: “As a string theorist, I
work on parallel universes. I was always curious about what
a parallel universe was like, and now I know. I'm living in one
when I go to SESAME meetings working hand in hand with
our neighbours on a common goal, bringing advanced
knowledge to our region”.
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
Cross-Talk Among Disciplines
Archaeology
Chemistry
Medicine
Arts
Synchrotron
Radiation
Energy Science
Physics
Materials Science
Environmental Science
SESAME’s SCIENCE: Regional Relevance
Life Sciences
• Drug design: common
pathogens and diseases in
the region
• Natural products
Materials Science
SESAME Light
Environmental
Science
Cultural
Heriatge
• New materials;
semiconductors
• Energy
• Catalysis
• Extreme conditions (P/T)
• Air, soil and water
pollution
• Non-destructive analyses
of objects
• Chemical composition
• Imaging
PHASE 1 BEAMLINES
Beamline
Energy Range
Source
X-ray Absorption Fine Structure/X‐ray 3-30 keV
Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XAFS/XRF)
Bending magnet
Infrared spectromicroscopy (IR)
0.01-1 eV
Bending magnet
Materials Science (MS)
Macromolecular Crystallography (MX)
3-25 keV
4-14 keV
Multi-pole wiggler
Bending magnet
Small Angle and Wide Angle X-ray
8-12 keV
Scattering (SAXS/WAXS)
Extreme Ultraviolet spectroscopy (EUV) 10-200 eV
Soft X-ray/Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) 0.05-2 keV
Bending magnet
Bending magnet
Elliptically
polarized undulator
SESAME Beamlines Chosen by Users (Users’ Meeting 2003)
X-RAY ABSORPTION BEAMLINE (BASEMA)
Energy range: 3-30 keV. Main components from ROBL-ESRF
Applications: in basic materials science, life sciences and environmental science on the nanoand micro-meter scale.
Examples: designing new materials and improving catalysts , e.g. for the petrochemical
industries, determining bonding structure and identification of the chemical composition of
fossils and of valuable paintings in a non-invasive manner
Note: IAEA CRP on: “Absorption and Mobility of Heavy Metals in Soils in Vicinity of Jordan and Yarmouk
Rivers” + “Synchrotron Based XRF/XAFS Techniques in Tracking Pollution (Air/Soil) in some Arab
Countries” – involves SESAME, Egypt & Jordan; provides access to ELETTRA synchrotron in Italy.
INFRARED BEAMLINE (EMIRA)
Energy range: 0.01-1 eV. New beamline built from scratch
Applications: in molecular biology, environmental studies, materials and archaeological
sciences.
Examples: studies on cells and tissues without the need for chemical fixing, mapping breast
cancer cells; characterization of mineral distribution in plant tissues.
MATERIALS SCIENCE BEAMLINE (SUSAM)
Energy range: 3-25 KeV. Main components from Swiss Light Source
This beamline is used for collecting powder diffraction (PD) data. PD is a powerful tool for
studying disordered/amorphous material on the atomic scale and the evolution of nanoscale structures and materials in extreme conditions of pressure and temperature
Examples: development and characterization of new smart materials, characterization of
new organo-metalic materials for energy storage
SAXS/WAXS PROJECTS
Studies on proteins involved in metal homeostasis in wheat
XRF analyses for enhancement
of Zn content of seeds
Courtesy I. Cakmak
I. Cakmak
Control 2μM
5μM
10μM
20μM
SAXS analysis of proteins
involved in Cd tolerance
Aydin M. 2011, Bilecen et al., 2005
Increasing Cd concentration→
Support from: SESAME Members
• Provide operating budget – manpower, consumables, electricity…
• Capital funding – special contributions from Iran, Israel, Jordan,
Turkey – hoping others will join
• Jordan – provided land and building + cash from Royal Court
External:
• Advice – from members of Advisory Committees; visits
• Equipment – many donations of equipment surplus to requirements
• Training – support from Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA, EU, IAEA, UNESCO
Plus
• Cash – from the EU, Italy, ….
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SESAME benefits from the advice of leading scientists from around
the world who serve on the Scientific & Beamlines Advisory
Committee (seen here in November 2010) and the Technical
Advisory Committee
1- SESAME (Jordan) 2- CLS (Canada) 3- Stanford Univ. (USA) 4- ALBA (Spain) 5- Soleil (France) 6- Sabanci
Univ. (Turkey) 7- Elettra (Italy) 8- ALS (USA) 9- Soleil (France) 10- SESAME (Jordan) 11- Oxford Univ. (UK) 12CERN (Switzerland) 13- Al-Quds Univ. (Palestinian Authority) 14- LBNL (USA) 15- PSI (Switzerland) 16Hacettepe Univ. (Turkey)
Nobel Laureates visit SESAME site in June 2008
45 Laureates have endorsed SESAME “as a beacon,
demonstrating how shared scientific initiatives can help light
the way towards peace”
STATUS
There are challenges
• Solving problems involving travel restrictions, sanctions on Iran,…
• Finding funding for provision of conference centre, full suite of Phase 1
beamlines,….
But thanks to Iran, Israel, Jordan and Turkey each providing $5
million, $11.3 million from the EU, €2.35 million from Italy, the
Members’ Annual contributions, etc…the funding gap is now
relatively small and an enormous amount has been achieved:
• Construction is progressing well – on track for commissioning to
start in mid 2016
• Experimental programme (in molecular biology, environmental studies,
materials, archaeology sciences,…..) on track to begin in 2017
• The training program is building capacity in the region
Beyond SESAME?
SESAME is planning to build a guest
house to be available on day one:
This will be followed by a Conference
Centre:
When SESAME is not in operation,
SESAME will be able to house
meetings on other topics (food,
water, archaeology, ...) in
secure/easily accessible surroundings
Dream:
this will lead to other joint facilities & collaborations
SESAME is:
 A working example of Arab-Israeli-Iranian-Turkish-CypriotPakistani collaboration
o Senior scientists and administrators from the region are
working together to govern SESAME through the Council, with
input from scientists from around the world through its Advisory
Committees
o Young and senior scientists from the region are collaborating in
preparing the scientific programme (Users’ Meetings,
Workshops)
 Already building scientific and technical capacity in the
region through the extensive training programme
(Fellowships, Visits, Schools)
SESAME
 Will soon be producing science
 Would welcome new Members
For further information see www.sesame.org.jo and CERN Courier July 2015