Transcript beberapa pendekatan dalam pengkajian islam

OBJEK MATERIAL
DAN OBJEK FORMAL
STUDI ISLAM
OBJEK MATERIAL STUDI ISLAM
• Sumber Islam
Al-Qur’an
As.Sunnah
• Sejarah Islam
• Dakwah dan Penyiaran
• Hukum Islam
• Ilmu Kalam
• Filsafat Islam
• Tasawuf
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Politik Islam
Pendidikan Islam
Ekonomi Islam
Seni Islam
Budaya Islam
Sosial Islam, Wakaf
Komunikasi Islam, dsb.
Keluarga Islam
Dll
(masing-masing masih
dapat dijabarkan lagi
menjadi sub-sub yang lebih
kecil)
OBJEK FORMAL STUDI ISLAM
(Opsional)
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Pendekatan sui generic (teologis, normatif, agamis)
Pendekatan filosofis
Pendekatan “saintifik” (ilmiah):
a. Pendekatan sejarah
b. Pendekatan antropologis
c. Pendekatan sosiologis
d. Pendekatan psikologis
e. Pendekatan komparatif
f. Pendekatan geografis
g. Pendekatan tematis
h. Pendekatan tipologis
i. Pendekatan feminis
j. Pendekatan fenomenologis
k. Pendekatan ekologis, dsb.
Pendekatan sintesis (scientific-cum-doctrinaire, integrasiinterkoneksi, ilmiah-agamis)
CONTOH TOPIK-TOPIK STUDI ISLAM
• History of Muslim Civilization (From the Advent of Islam till
the fall of Bagdad i.e 1258 A.D)
• History of Muslim Civilization in the Medieval Period-Sundry
Dynasties
• Islamic Religious Sciences: The Quran, Hadith, Fiqh and
Tasawwuf
• Development of Muslim Sects, Kalam and Philosophy
• Non-Muslims Contribution to Islamic Studies
• Islam in the Indian Sub-Continent
• Islam in the Modern Age (From 1800 A.D. onwards)
• Muslim Reform Movements and Thinkers
• Major Word Religions (Aryan and Semitic Religions)
• Special Study of Medieval Muslim Contribution to Science,
Technology and Fine Arts
History of Muslim Civilization (From the Advent of
Islam till the fall of Bagdad i.e 1258 A.D)
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Pre-Islamic Culture of Arabia.
Islamic society during the time of the Holy Prophet and the Pious Caliphs:
1. Religious & social life.
2. Education.
3. Administration and political set up;
Islamic society during the Umayyads:
1. Political changes after the pious caliphate.
2. Social and economic life.
3. Administration.
Islamic society during the Abbasids:
1. Abbasid revolt-nature and causes.
2. Social and economic life, ruling class, mawalis, slaves
3. Commerce, industry and agriculture.Science, literature, arts and architecture.
Other dynasties:
1. The Fatimids
2. The Muslim east:
3. A brief surveyThe Crusades.
History of Muslim Civilization in the Medieval
Period-Sundry Dynasties
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The rise of the Turks:
1. The Samanids and the Ghaznawids: revival of Persian language and
culture.
2. The Saljuqs in power: scientific and religious development.
The Fatimids:
1. Establishment of the Fatimid state and its characteristics.
2. Economic, scientific and literary progress.
3. Arts and architecture.
The Mamluks:
1. Establishment of the Mamluk rule and its distinguishing features.
2. Contribution to sciences and literature.
3. Development of arts and architecture.
The Timurids:
1. Establishment of their rule and characteristics
2. Contributuion to sciences and culture.
The Safavids:
1. Origin and development of Safavid rule.
2. Contribution to arts and sciences.
3. Socio-religious conditions.
Islamic Religious Sciences: The Quran, Hadith,
Fiqh and Tasawwuf
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The Quran:
1. The Quran - revelation (wahy), collection and compilation.
2. Origin and development of Ilm-i Tafsir.
3. A brief introduction to major tafsir works of the classical period:(Tabari, IbnKathir,
Razi Baidhawi, Zamakhshri and Jalalain).
4. An introduction to some important Urdu tafsir writers:Sir Syed, Maulana Ashraf Ali
Thanwi, Maulana Azad, Maulana Maududi, Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi,
Hadith:
1. Ilm-i-Hadith: meaning, origin and significance.
2. History of compilation of Hadith.Categories of Hadith.
3. Principles of Hadith criticism-Riwayat and Dirayat.
4. Sihah-i-Sittah - compilation and significance.
Fiqh:
1. Development of Islamic Fiqh, origin and its sources.
2. Emergence of schools of Fiqh: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafai, Hanbali and Jafri.
3. Contemporary debate on Islamic law; insurance; stock exchange; commercial
interest.
Tasawwuf:
1. Origin and Major doctrines.
2. Development of Sufism (Dhu al-Nun, Bayazid, Junaid, Mansural-Hallaj)
3. Emergence of the Sufi orders with special reference to their Salient features:
Chishti, Suhrawardi, Naqshbandi and the Qadri.
Development of Muslim Sects, Kalam and
Philosophy
• Muslim Sects and the development of Kalam.
1. Muslim ummah, unity and conflict - a brief survey of
the Pious Caliphate.
2. Origin and development of Ilm-e-Kalam.
3. The emergence of Kharjites, Qadirites, Murjiites,
Shi’ites, Mu’tazilites, Asha’rites & Maturidite sects.
• Development of Muslim Philosophy:
1. Greek philosophy and the Arabs.
2. Muslim philosophers with special reference to: 1. AlKindi 2. Al-Farabi 3. Ibn-e-Sina 4. Ikhwanus- Safa 5.
Ibn-e-Rushd 6. Al-Ghazzali 7. Ibn-Khaldun
• Mystical Philosophy in Islam---Shahabuddin Yahya
Suhrawardi, Ibn-i-Arabi, Al-Jili, Sadruddin Shirazi.
Non-Muslims Contribution to Islamic Studies
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The Origin and Development of Orientalism: Medieval European
Orientalism. ( A brief introduction)
The rise of Europe and the beginning of the modern studies on Islam.
Non-Muslim contribution to Quran:
1. Translation
2. Glossary
3. A critical study of orientalist writings on QuranSirah Literature (A critical
study of orientalist writing on Sirah.
Some of the important modern non-Muslim scholars of Islam: 1) Sir
Hamilton Gibb 2) P.K.Hitti 3) Goldzihr 4) S.Zaidan 5) W.C.Smith
The study of Islam as a Living Reality in the Contemporary Era.
Muslims Response and Reaction to Orientalism.
Hindus Contribution to Islamic Studies.
1. To Islamic History
2. To History of Muslim Civilization with special reference to India
3. Hindu ascribers and calligraphers.
4. Hindu authors an Islamic faith and creeds.
5. Hindu press and publishers of books on Islamic Studies.
6. Hindu translators of Quran, Sa’adi, Hafiz, Khayyam and Rumi
Islam in the Indian Sub-Continent
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Early Indo-Arab relations.
Arab conquest of Sind and Multan - brief survey.
India on the eve of theTurkish conquest - social, political and religious
conditions.
Development of Indo-Muslim culture during the medieval period.
1. Religion: Sufi movement, Muslim intellectual perception of Hinduism,
Bhakti movement, Mahdawi movement, Ranshonia movement,
2. Cultural exchange, The origin and growth of Urdu language, social and
economic conditions of Muslims.
3. Fine arts:- Architecture- Painting- Music
Development of Learning and Religious Thought in India.
1. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi and his religious thought.
2. Traditional education during the medieval period.
Transiation from Medieval to Modern:
1. Dars-i-Nizami
2. Shah Waliullah
Role of muslims in the freedom movement.
Sub continent: The post- independence era:
1. Islam in secular India.
2. Pakistan and Bangladesh - aspirations and realities
Islam in the Modern Age (From 1800 A.D.
onwards)
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West Asia and North Africa.
1. Muhammad Ali in Egypt.
2. Development of Arab nationalism.
3. Emergence of Arab nation states.
4. Contemporary socio, religious, cultural scene.
5. Palestinian Problem.
Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and Central Asia.
1. Westernisation under the pahlavis in Iran.
2. Islamic Revolution of 1979 in Iran.
3. Reforms of Amanullah in Afghanistan.
4. Afghanistan since Amanullah.
5. Emergence of Turkey as a secular state.
6. Islamic revivalism in Turkey.
Central Asia:
1. Russian occupation of Central Asia and Muslim resistance movements.
2. Emergence of independent Muslim republic
South East Asia:
1. Islam in Malay region in the modern period (Malaysia, Indonesia & Brunei)
2. Prominent Muslim religious organisations and institutions in the region.
Muslim Reform Movements and Thinkers
• Jamaat Mujahidin, Reshmi Rumal Tehrik (Silken
Scarf Conspiracy), Jamiat ul Ulama, Tablighi
Jamaat; Jamaat Islami, Jamiat Ahl-i-Hadith.
• Deoband, Aligarh, Nadwah, Jamia Millia Islamia.
• Wahabi Movement; Sanusi Movement, Mahdawis in
Sudan, Tijaniyah, Nurucu Movement, Nahdatul
Ulama, Muhammadiyah
• Allama Shibli; Allama Iqbal; Mawlana Abul Kalam
Azad; Mawalan Ashraf Ali Thanwi.
• Jamaluddin Afghani; Muhammad Abduh; Rashid
Rida; Ziya Gokalp; Abdur Rehman al Kawakabi;
Imam Khomeini; Ali Shariati, Nurcholish Madjid,
Abdurrachman Wachid
Major Word Religions (Aryan and Semitic
Religions)
• What is religion?
• Approaches and the methods for the study of world religions.
• Aryan Religions:
1. Hinduism:chief characteristic, historical development, Vedic
traditions, epic literature, Sectarian Hinduism;
2. Buddhism: Life of Gautama Buddha, basic teachings, Sangha,
development and decline of Buddhism in India, Mahayana and
Hinayana.
3. Zoroastrianism: Life and teachings of Zarthursta, Zoroastrian
monotheism, Zoroastrianism today.
4. Sikhism: Life and teaching of Gru Nanak, development of Sikh
religion and culture, contemporary trends.
5. Jainism: Life and teachings of Sri Mahavir, Jainism today.
• Semitic Religions:
1. Judaism: Significances of history in Judaism, monotheism.
2. Christianity: Basic teachings, Curch its history and organisation,
important Christian sects - Roman Catholics, Orthodox, protestants,
crisis of Christianity in the modern west.
Special Study of Medieval Muslim Contribution to
Science, Technology and Fine Arts
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Medicine
Historiography
Geography
Mathematics
Astronomy
Chemistry
Technological Development
Painting
Architecture
Calligraphy
MusicPottery
Textiles