Transcript Islam POWERPOINT (B)

Islamic Civilization
Chp. 6.3
Prosperity of the Islamic World
Trade
Role of Cities
• Connected to China, India, and Southeast
Asia
• Baghdad/Cairo/Damascus
• Trade was by foot and sea
• Items traded
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Gold
Slaves
Silk
Porcelain
Ivory
Spices
Grains
Linens
Stones
All goods came
different
parts of the
trading world
• Development of banking and the use of coins
made it easier to exchange goods
• All cities that were the centers of
administrative, cultural, and
economic activity for their regions
• All were capital cities of their
Dynasties
• Not impressive cities by eye, but better
than rural European cities
• Cordoba, Spain
• Europe’s largest city after
Constantinople
• 200, 000 people
Prosperity of the Islamic World
Role of Cities
• Distinctive physical
appearance
• Impressive urban buildings
were
• Palaces
• Home of the caliphs, local
governors
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Mosques for worship
Fountains
Public baths
Courtyards
Covered markets (Bazaars)
Crucial part of every Muslim city
Important aspect of Bazaar
• Customers can compare prices
• Creates higher standards for goods
• Inspectors enforced rules (standards)
• Daily washing or counters and containers
• i.e) All grilled meats should only be made
with fresh meat and not sick animals
• Bazaars housed the following
• Crafts people's shops
• Laundries
• Bathhouses
Arabian Nights
Merchant Scene
Prosperity of the Islamic World
Importance of Farmland
• Most land was owned by
independent peasants
Land owned by:
• Later came wealthy landowners
• Started to buy all the land to amass
Peasants
large estates
mostly
• Some land owned by the
statecame
or the wealthy
Then
the court
• FarmedAnything
by slave laborleft over owned by state and courts
• Mostly near the river valleys –
peasants owned and farmed their
land
Main Idea
Prosperity of the Islamic World
Growing trade and favorable geography allowed both urban and rural
areas to flourish during the period of the Arab Empire
Islamic Society
Islamic Society
Role of Women
Must live ones life according to Allah’s teachings revealed in the Quran
• Quran granted women with spiritual and
social equality
Five Pillars of Islam
• Social Structure
• Upper class
Rich
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Ruling families
Senior Officials
Wealthiest and most respected merchants
• No social class
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Slaves
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Many were capture people from Africa
They often served in the Army (Turks)
• Would earn their freedom
Domestic servant
• Many were women
Muslims believed to treat their slaves fairly, allowed
them to purchase freedom
• Could inherit property
• Had rights to the fruit of their work
• Did have different roles in the family and
social order
• Every woman had a male guardian
• Had arranged marriages
• Men could have up to 4 wives
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Would pay the family a dowry
• A gift of money or property
• Women had the right to enter into marriage,
and divorce
• Adultery was forbidden by men and women
Islamic Society
Role of Women
After the spread of Islam
• Women were secluded and kept from
social contacts with males outside their
own families
• Women would wear clothing that
covered all of their body
• Never in the Quran, but a Arabic tradition
• Rights and customs dealing with women
have been debated today
Muslims argue with advocates – the will
of Allah is the ultimate law
Main Idea
Islamic Society
According to Islamic teaching, all groups are equal under the eyes of
Allah. However, this was not strictly the case in the Arab empire and
present day.
The Culture of Islam
Chp. 6-4
Philosophy, Science, and History
Greek Philosophy
• In Europe
• Greek philosophy was unknown
• Arabs were aware and translating
works by Plato and Aristotle into
Arabic
• Translations were in a library called:
House of Wisdom
• In Baghdad
• Texts about math were brought
from India
Preservation of Knowledge
• Muslim Scholars
• Help preserve the Greek and Roman
culture
• Translated works and made them available
to other scholars
• Recovery of Aristotle works were b/c of
the Muslims
• In the 20th century, the works are
translated into Latin
• This made it available to the West
• China discovers paper making
• Paper factories established in Baghdad
• Libraries and booksellers followed
Philosophy, Science, and History
Islamic Advancements
Islamic Advancements
• Ibn-Rushd (IH-buhn-RUSHT)
• Medicine becomes a field of study
• A philosopher that wrote a commentary (treatise) on
virtually all of Aristotle’s surviving works
• Math
• Ibn Sina (IH-buhn-SEE-nuh)
• Scientist who wrote a medical encyclopedia
• Stressed the contagious nature of certain diseases
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• Adopted and passed on the numerical system of India
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Including zero
• Developed the mathematical discipline of algebra
• Science
• Astronomy was studied
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Muslims perfected the instrument called the astrolabe
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Help determine location using the stars
Muslims knew the earth was round, and named many
stars
Explain how diseases could spread through bad
water
• His research was taught to university students in
Medieval Europe – basic textbook in Europe
• Historian
• Ibn Khaldun (IH-buhn-KAL-DOON)
• Interest was writing history
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Most prominent historian
• Tried to find the social and political factors for
civilization cycles
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Birth, growth, and decay
Main Idea
Philosophy, Science, and History
Islamic achievements in philosophy, science, and history contributed
to the world’s knowledge
Literature
Famous Works
Pre-Islamic b/c Quran is looked
at as the greatest work
• Most familiar works of Middle
Eastern literature
• Rubaiyat (ROO-bee-AHT)
• Author: Omar Khayyam (KY-YAHM)
• Very little known of him
Work of Literature
• Composed his poetry orally
• Friends later recorded his works
• The 1001 Night (a.k.a. The Arabian
Nights)
• Anonymous stories and collection of
folktales, fables, and romance
• Told orally at first and later recorded
• Aladdin was one of the famous tales
Main Idea
Literature
The Rubaiyat and The 1001 Nights are two major early Islamic works
of literature that are still enjoyed today
Art and Architecture
The Art
• A blend of Arab, Turkish, and Persian
• Best expression of Islam art are the
Muslim mosques
• It represents the spirit of Islam
• Great Mosque of Samarra
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In present day Iraq
Largest mosque of its time
Covered 10 acres
Would have the muezzin climb the spiral
case
• This person would call for prayer 5x’s a day
The Art
• Places that reflect Islam glory
• Mosques of Cordoba
• Palaces of Syria and Granada, Spain
• Islamic castles and fortresses
• All places express the unique decorative touch of
Islam
• Most decoration is:
• Arabic letters
• Natural plants
• Abstract figures
• Warning by Muhammad
• Warns against imitating God by creating
pictures of living being
• Will not find any representation of figures in Islamic
Art
Main Idea
Art and Architecture
Muslim art and architecture reflects the spiritual glory of Islam