Transcript WHAP Chap 8 Islam

WHAP Chap 8 Islam
Mr Pack
CHAP 8 Islam
• Prior to 6th century- nomadic tribal Bedouins
(polytheistic) in Arabia ruled by Sheikh.
• Supreme deity (Allah)- sacred stone at Mecca,
stones believed to be inhabited by spirits (jinns)
• No separate class of priests
Muhammed (570-632 C.E.) – caravan manager,
revelations from angel-messages later collected in
Quran
Muhammed is not considered divine- just a prophet
(Abraham, Moses, Jesus)
Chap 8 Islam
• Muhammed escapes persecution to Medina
(622) known as Hegira. Umma community
founded.
• Conquers Mecca 10 years later-sacred stone
becomes known as Ka’aba
• Religion spreads through trade routes/military
conquest- mostly tolerant, but other faiths paid
tax
• Hebrews and Christians known as people of the
book
Ka’aba
Chap 8 Islam
• 5 pillars of Islam
1) Believing in only one God-Allah
2) Praying 5 times daily
3) Giving Alms to the poor
4) Fasting during Ramadan (month)
5) Making a pilgrimage to Mecca
Jihad- struggle in the ay of God
Shariah- Islamic code of Law, no gambling, alcohol,
pork, no enslavement of people of the book
Chap 8
Abu Bakr- takes over leadership (father in law) after
Muhammed’s death organizes writings into Quran.
Caliph- head of state
Hadith- Additional stories and sayings by
Muhammed.
Ali- Muhammed’s cousin (also son in law)eventually becomes 4th Caliph
Succession dispute divides Islam into Sunnis
(support of Abu Bakr) and Shiites (support Ali)
Today Sunni are the majority 85-90%
Chap 8
• Caliphs expand- take land form Byzantine and
Sasanid Empires. No forced conversions,
collect tax.
• After Ali assasinated in 661 the Umayyad
Dynasty was founded by a network of
merchants, capital moved to Damascus.
• Weak and corrupt Umayyads overthrown by
Abbasids in 750, new capital at Baghdad.
Umayyad Map
Abbasid Map
Chapt 8 Islam
• Baghdad center of learning, impressive library
• Avicenna- advances science, medicine,
astoronomy, geography
• Rumi- Perisan poet and theologist- teachings
became basis of Sufi movement (shaved head,
chanting/dancing to unite with God)
• Abbasid issues- tax collection, increased
bureaucracy, attacks from outside groups
(mamluks, seljuk turks, crusaders, mongols) trade
routes move away from Baghdad.
Chapt 8 Islam
• Islamic rule extended to Spain (capital
Cordoba). Islamic forces defeated by Charles
Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732.
• Cordoba tolerant of Christians and Hebrews.
Goods travel on trading ships (dhows).
• Slavery practiced but Islam forbid enslaving
other muslims, jews, christians and
zoroastrians.
Islam Chapt 8
• Under Abbasid caliph becomes ceremonial
with a vizier head of government. Also military
commanders increased political power that
took away from caliph. Rebellions also occur.
• Ulama- religious scholars who gain power and
have final say on Shari’a law.
Chapt 8 Islam
• Islamic women wear head scarf- hijab
More rights than female Christians or Hebrews
• Islam forbids female infanticide
• Dowries paid to wife, not father
• Islamic women can inherit property, remarry if
widowed, receive settlement money if divorced and
practice birth control
• Could testify in court but testify worth half a man’s
• Harems- dwellings of women and eunuchs and children
WHAP CHAP 8 Islam
• Arabic language spreads through Qu’ran
• The Thousand and One Nights- told by
Scheherazade- tells about elite society of the
Abbasids
• Universities- called madras
• Islamic art- avoid bodily form, (Allah creates life)
forbidden to recreate image of Allah/Muhammed
• Minaret- prayer tower, 5 times a day
• Arabic numerals-Al-jabr (Algebra) developed from
Hindu scholars