Transcript Spread of Islamic Civilization file

SPREAD OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
POST CLASSICAL ERA
600 - 1450
AGE OF LEARNING AND ARTISTIC
REFINEMENT
AGE OF LEARNING AND ARTISTIC
REFINEMENT
• Artists and Artisans
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Architecture
Persian rugs
Tapestries
Bronze
Ceramics – Tiles
• Literature
• Persian became chief
languages in court (“high
culture”); Arabic was
language in religion law
and science
• Omar Khayyam – Rubiyat
• Firdawsi - Shah-Nama
• Sa’di - poet
• Science
• Algebraic and geometric
theory
• Sine, cosine and tangent
• Objective experiment
• Animal, vegetable, mineral
• Astronomical instruments –
astrolabe, armillary sphere
• Constellations
• Medical
• Cairo = best hospital in the
world
• MCAT type tests
RELIGIOUS TRENDS AND NEW
EXPANSION
• Orthodox scholars
• Grew hostel towards
science, non-Islamic
ideas
• Sufist movement
• Wandering mystics who
sought a personal
union with Allah
• Healers and miracle
workers
• Asceticism used
• Meditation, songs,
drugs, dancing
NOMADIC INVASION
• 10th and 11th
centuries – Persians
and Turks took over
• 13th century –
Mongols great in
power
• 1258: Baghdad taken
by Mongols and caliph
put to death
• Mameluks (Turkic
slaves) stopped their
advancements in
Muslim Africa (Egypt)
THE COMING OF ISLAM TO
SOUTH ASIA
7 TH C E N T U R Y – 1 2 TH A N D 1 3 TH C E N T U R Y
SPREAD OF ISLAM TO INDIA
• What kind of people lived in India?
• How would the Muslim migration threaten their way
of life?
• How would it enhance their way of life?
• What issues are the Muslims going to have to face?
• Were the Muslims/Indians equal in any way?
NORTH INDIA ON THE EVE OF MUSLIM
INVASION
• Gupta collapsed in 5th
Century with regional lords
in place
• Harsha – tried to unite
territories under control
• Largest empire since fall of Gupta
• Pushed to revenge his brothers death at hand of
other regional princes
• Built roads, rest houses, hospitals, temples,
monasteries
Capital = city of Kanauj
• Met with his people
with tough walls,
extravagant homes and
• Tolerant of all faiths
gardens
POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND THE FIRST
MUSLIM INVASIONS
• Harsha had no successor
• Kingdom fell with death in 646
• Politically India divided until
711…
From the 8th century
onward, bands of Muslim
raiders harassed NW India
• Muslims invade
• Hajjaj – leader in east
Umayyad Empire
• Led raid against king of Sind
due to pirates
• Muhammad ibn Qasim led
more than 10,000 warriors
• Islam brought little change
INDIAN INFLUENCES ON ISLAMIC
CIVILIZATION
FROM BOOTY TO EMPIRE: THE SECOND
WAVE OF MUSLIM INVASIONS
• Muslim hold weakened until
962 with wave of Islamic
Turkish invasion in
Afghanistan
• Between 1001 and 1030,
Mahmud of Ghazi
• Raided northwest India
repeatedly
• 11th century Mahmud of Ghur
united much of India together
• Assassinated and replaced by
slave lieutenant
SECOND WAVE OF INVASIONS
• Beginning in 1192
• Muslims made Delhi
headquarters for
invasions
• Invaded Eastward
towards Bengal
• Sultanate of Delhi, 1206
Chola
Kingdom:
850 –
1267 CE
ruled for 300 years
Large military machines
Cavalry, war elephants
Extensive bureaucracies
Maximizing revenue
through taxes
• Ruling Muslims over
majority non-Muslims
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PATTERNS OF CONVERSION AND
ACCOMMODATION
• Carries of new faith = merchants
• Sufism grew in India
• Most Hindus converted from low-cast groups
• Muslims attacked Buddhist monasteries and ignored
Hindus
• Majority of converts were Buddhists
• Escape head tax
• Intermarriage
• Hindus took positions as administrators to Muslim
overlords
Sufi merchants spread
• Muslims followed some Hindi traditions Islam
to SE Asian islands,
as well. Buddhist held
• Bhakti – Sufi Muslims and Hindus mixed
port cities but Islam
infiltrated the mainland
INTRO TO CCOT ESSAY
I. Thesis
II. Beginning of the
Time Period
III. Change
IV. Stay the Same
V. Global Impact
• Time Period
• What is the
prompt
• About
• How will you
• Prove it with
• 3 ways
(SCRIPTED)