Transcript 2016 Islam Overview PowerPoint Lecture

Islam
Close ties to
Christianity &
Judaism:
1. Believe that both
Abraham & Jesus
were prophets
2. Islam is the last
religion of the
Abrahamic tradition
3. Muhammad is the
last prophet in a long
line of prophets
Mecca (Arial View)
Islam
• Where
– SW Asia
– Mecca, present-day
Saudi Arabia.
– Medina, Saudi
Arabia
• When
– 613 A.D.
Muslims worship at the Kaaba
(sacred black stone) in Mecca
Islam
• Allah, is the Islamic God.
• People who believe these ideas
are called Muslims.
Islam
• Important
Teachings:
1. Five Pillars of Islam
2. Monotheistic
3. God is called Allah
• Holy Book(s):
1. The Qur’an (Koran)
•
The Qur’an contains
both verses from the
Torah & the Bible.
2. Sharia
•
a tradition of rulings
that touch on
virtually all aspects
of life and society.
Muslims worshiping towards the
Kaaba in Mecca. Zoomed out.
Islam
– Moral Code is
derived from Five
Pillars:
1. Faith: There is only
one god- Allah.
2. Prayer: pray five
times a day.
(Towards Mecca)
3. Fasting: during
month of Ramadan.
4. Zakah: Giving
Alms to the poor.
5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to
Mecca.
Muslims gathering outside Mecca
during their Hajj
Islamic Philosophy
• Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing
and preparation for the life to come.
• Angels record good and bad deeds.
• People should behave themselves and help others,
trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.
Islam’s Holy Book
• The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is 'the
word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are
rooted in the Qur'an.
• Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because
they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every
word and every letter is sacred.
• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of
God.
• It is read from right to left and written in Arabic, the
language of heaven.
Islam’s Place of Worship
• The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque. The word comes
from the Arabic for "place of prostration".
• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets – towers on the
mosque corners.
• They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture.
• Normal day of worship is Friday.
• Religious leaders are called imams.
Grand mosque in
Mecca
Islam’s Most Holy City
• While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in
Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to
the ground.
• All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip
to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their
lifetime.
Food Laws
• Very similar laws to the Jewish kosher foods
• No alcohol, pork, blood, no pork fat products,
scavenger animals
• Food must be prepared similarly to the Jews
– Slice to the jugular
– Drain blood
Main Festivals
• Hijja:
The month of
pilgrimage during
which all Muslims,
at least once in their
life, should try to
make the pilgrimage
to Mecca and
worship at the
Kaaba
The Kaaba
Islamic Sects
• Major Groups:
– Sunni
• largest denomination of Islam; means the tradition of
the prophet of Islam - Muhammad
• Believe caliphs (priests) were to be chosen by
consensus
– Shiite or Shi’a
• Shi'a Muslims adhere to the teachings of the Islamic
prophet Muhammad and his Ahlul Bayt (family).
• Believe caliphs should be descendants from
Muhammad’s son in law (Ali) and wife (Fatima)
Islam – Map!
Islam in 1500 C.E.
In 1500, located in Middle East,
Africa, and Southern Europe
Islam Today
Today, located in Middle East,
Africa, and Asia