Transcript Ch.13 The Expansive realm of Islam

CH.13 THE EXPANSIVE
REALM OF ISLAM
Started in
Arabian
Peninsula
A prophet
& his word
Hadith
Muhammad
Difficult
Early life
Married widow
Khadija
Quran
(Recitation)
610 spiritual
transformation
Angel Gabriel
Revelations from
Allah (God)
Spread his
Word to others
Holy Book
Written account
Of Muhammad’s
revelations
Islamic religious
Doctrines & social
organizations
Sayings and
Accounts of
The prophet
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. How do you think Mohammed’s difficult childhood
effected his revelation of the Quran?
Against
idolatry
Economic
threat
Many did not
like
Muhammad’s
Teaching
Persecuted
Muhammad
Denounced
Greed
Those profiting
From shrines
Esp. Ka’ba
(cube shaped
Shrine)
Seal of the
Prophet
Muhammad’s
Migration to
Medina
Hijra
(migration)
Intense persecution
Led to migration
Medina
Marks beginning
Of Islamic Calendar
Umma
(community
of faithful)
Final prophet
Allah would
Communicate
through
Legal
Social Code
Prayer Battle Commercial
Venture
Accepted
Major
Monotheistic
religions
Islam most
Comprehensive
& final
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
2. Do you think Islam would be as influential as it is now
if there was never any resistance to it in the beginning?
3. What are your thoughts in Mohammed claiming he was the final prophet
that God would communicate through?
Muhammad
returns to Mecca
Establishment
of Islam in
Arabia
Conquered Forced elites Destroyed
The city
To adopt
Shrines, created
faith
mosques
Kept Ka’ba
Alms
Hajj
Fast during
Prayer daily Ramadan
Only those
Dedicated
Could enter
Spiritual/
Moral
Vice &
Evil
Holy Law
All aspects
Proper
Of life
5
Pillars
Acknowledgment
Led 1st
Pilgrimage
Est. the hajj
Sharia
Jihad
(struggle)
Behavior
Islam developed
Into a way of life
Several
perspectives
Ignorance
Unbelief
Physical
struggle
Spreading
The word
To convert
war
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
4. What would you compare the 5 pillars of Islam to in Christianity?
Why?
5. Why do you think that some Muslims take the idea of Jihad to
an extremist level?
The Expansion of
Islam: Early Caliphs
& Umayyad
Dynasty
Muhammad
dies
Who
Succeeds?
Caliph
(deputies)
Expansion
of Islam
Abu Bakr
(close friend)
Lieutenant/
substitute
Chief Religious
Judge leader
Military
commander
Umayyad
Dyansty
Sect of Islam
633-637
Islamic forces
Seized Byzantine
Syria&Palestine&
Mesopotamia
711-718
NW Africa
& Iberian
Peninsula
Difficulties
Choosing
Governing
caliphs
Shia
Umayyad
Decline
Recognize
The line of
Ali (cousin &
Son in law of
Muhammad)
After
Ali’s
death
Brought
stability
Not meeting
Needs of umma
Thinking about
themselves
Showed
Favoritism
To Arabs
Caliph for
A time but
assassinated
Followers
Recognized
Shia
Alienated
From other
Arabs
Dar al Islam
Ruled as conquerors
Rituals different Ali descendants
From Sunni
Own
Sinless,
Interpretation
Holy days
Infallible
Of Quran
Divinely
appointed
Created
Problems w/in
Ethnic groups
Led to resistance
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
6. Who would you consider the real Leader of Islam? Why?
7. Why were the Umayyad’s not as successful as they could have been?
The Abbasid
Dynasty
Rebellion ends
Umayyad Dynasty
Harun al Rashid
caliph
Led by Abu al Abbas
Allied w/Shia
And non-Arab
Muslims
750 shattered
Umayyad forces
Tricked those
Left to reconcile Descendant
Of Muhammad’s
differences
Uncle
Founded
Abbasid
Dynasty
Abbasid
Dynasty
More
Cosmopolitan
Didn’t
Favor Arab
Military
Abbasid
Administration
Dar al Islam
grows
Not a
Conquering
dynasty
Gave to
artisans and
those who
were poor and
in need
Central
Authority
In Baghdad
Learned
Similar to
officials
Persian
Empire &
Mesopotamia
Admin.
qadis ulama
Judges
Decisions
Based on
Quran
Religious
knowledge
Both influential
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
8. Why were the Abbasid’s successful within their empire?
9. Do you think government assistance is necessary to have an
empire/dynasty succeed? Why?
Used dar al Islam
To spread variety
Of crops to different
regions
effects
Varied diet
Economy & Society of Early
Islamic World: New Crops,
agricultural expansion &
urbanization
Urban
Growth
Industrial uses
Increase food
supply
Agricultural
experimentation
Increase
Quantities
Of food
Agricultural
Led to cities
Led to productive
Economic growth
Textiles,
glassware
Paper manufacturing
Artisans
Craftsmen
merchants
Took
Advantage
Of old silk
roads
Organization
Of trade
Hemispheric
Trading Zones
Prosperity
From
commerce
Used camels
As beast of burden
caravanserais
Inns from
Lodging &
Care of
animals
Business
organizations
Maritime
trade
Banks
Increased due
To technology
Lateen sail
Stimulated
Commercial
economy
Triangular
sail
astrolabe
Played
Active
Roles in
Joint
ventures
Provided
Various
services
Multiple branches,
Loans, brokers,
Checks, exchange
Of currency
pooled
Resources in
Group
investments
Security
For
entrepreneurs
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
10. How did trade lead to the creation of banks, caravanserais, business
Organization and technological developments?
MOSQUES
Mosque in
Egypt
Mosque
In Malaysia
Grand Mosque in
Mecca
QURAN
KA’BA
MARITIME TECHNOLOGY
Lanteen sail
Triangular sail
astrolabe