Transcript Golden Age of Islam pwpx

GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM
700S-1258
DO NOW: 11/15/2013
• What is a “Golden Age”?
A period of peace, harmony, stability, and prosperity.
• What Golden Ages have your learned about?
Greece, Rome…
• What circumstances and developments
characterize a Golden Age?
Great gains in art, architecture and academia.
GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM- OVERVIEW
• 750-1250 The Abbasid Caliphate
• Moved the Islamic capital from Mecca to
Baghdad.
• United the Arab tribes into one empire.
• Stressed the value of knowledge.
• Preserved and built upon Roman, Greek,
Chinese, Indian, Egyptian and Persian
knowledge.
ISLAMIC CALIPHATE- 760
Europe
Spain
Byzantine Empire
Italy
Constantinople
Asia
Greece
Africa
Egypt
Arabian
Peninsula
Mecca
ISLAMIC CALIPHS
• The caliphs were chosen to govern the land and
the religion of Islam.
• Caliph means “successor to the Prophet”.
• The lands ruled by the caliph were called the
caliphate.
• By 760 CE, the caliphate extended from Arabia to
the borders of India and China in the East, to North
Africa and Spain in the West.
NEW ISLAMIC CAPITAL
• In 762 the Muslim Ruler al Mansur
built a capital city along the Tigris
River in present-day Iraq.
• Baghdad quickly became the
center of Muslim civilizations
greatest achievements in
science, art and architecture.
NEW ISLAMIC CAPITAL
• Baghdad was the capital of the caliphate
from the late 700s to the 1200s. It had about
one million residents.
• The Caliphs palace stood at the center of
the city. Next to the palace was a grand
mosque.
ANCIENT BAGHDAD
TRADE IN THE NEW CAPITAL
• There were four main roads that went from
Baghdad to all other parts of the caliphate.
• Traders used these roads to bring goods
from all over the caliphate.
• They traded Arabian perfumes, Indian
pepper, African ivory, Russian furs and
Chinese dishware and paper.
ISLAMIC CALIPHATE- 760
Russian furs
Chinese paper
& dishware
Baghdad
African Ivory
Arabian
Perfumes
Indian pepper
DO NOW: 11/20/2013
• How do geography and trade contribute to a city’s
prosperity and power?
The profits from trade bring wealth to a city or
state and allow it to fund a strong military.
• Can religion influence government?
Yes, for example…
- The caliph (ruler) was in charge of the
government AND the religion.
- Non-Muslims in the caliphate were forced to
pay the government special taxes and did
not have the same rights as Muslim citizens.
DO NOW:
• Can religion have an influence on the government?
Yes, for example…
- The caliph (ruler) was in charge of the
government AND the religion.
- Non-Muslims in the caliphate were forced to
pay the government special taxes and did
not have the same rights as Muslim citizens.
HOUSE OF WISDOM
• Baghdad’s caliphs
valued education.
• There was a large library
in Baghdad called the
House of Wisdom.
• It housed Greek,
Roman, and Indian
works that were
translated into Arabic.
MEDICINE
• In Baghdad, the first pharmacies were
established in 754.
• They had the first trained pharmacists who
sold herbs, spices and medicines to the
public.
• There were many doctors that worked in
traveling hospitals to give free treatment to
people throughout the caliphate.
MEDICINE
• Avicenna –
• Described how diseases
spread through air and
water.
• Stress causes stomach
problems.
• Cancer can be cured
through surgery.
MEDICINE- DISCUSSION
• Who was Avicenna?
• What books did Avicenna write?
An academic who organized the medical
knowledge of the Greeks & Arabs into the Cannon
of Medicine.
• Do his medical theories still hold true today? Which
ones?
MATHEMATICS
• Al Kwarizmi was born in 780 in
Baghdad.
• He is considered the founder of
algebra based on books he wrote
about algebra and geometry.
• Al Kwarizmi also:
• A scholar in the House of Wisdom
• He wrote a book about geography
and used latitude and longitude
more accurately than anyone
before him.
MATHEMATICS
• Muslim
cartographers used
math to help make
their maps more
accurate.
• Their maps had
lines, like latitude
and longitude, to
help determine
climate regions and
locations.
ASTRONOMY
• Astronomy was very important because the Islamic
calendar is based on the moon’s movements.
• Stars helped people determine direction.
• Muslims improved the astrolabe, which was used to
help determine direction.
• It was very useful to sailors to find their way at sea.
ASTROLABE
http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_demos_the_13th_century_astrolabe.html
DO NOW: 11/19/2013
• What earlier empire did the Ottomans conquer?
• How might control of this earlier empire, including its
capital city, have increased the power of the
Ottomans?
The Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire
and its capital, Constantinople (Istanbul). This
allowed the Ottomans to benefit from existing
trade routes, port facilities, markets and
institutions.
SULTAN MEHMED CONQUERS
CONSTANTINOPLE
ISLAMIC EXPANSION & HALT
• How did Muslim Empires feel about other religions?
• Islamic leaders were tolerant of other religions in
their territories.
• People of other religions were made to pay a
special tax, could not carry weapons, or serve
in the army.
ISLAMIC EXPANSION & HALT
• How did religious tolerance enable the caliphate to
grow?
After they conquered an area, there was little
resistance because people were not forced to give
up their religions.
THE BATTLE OF TOURS
• What occurred at the Battle of Tours?
• In 732, Arab forces were defeated by European
soldiers at the Battle of Tours, in present-day
France.
• What was significant about this battle?
• This stopped Islam from spreading into Christian
Europe.
BATTLE OF TOURS
• The Muslim army under the leadership of Abd-er
Rahman pushed over the Pyrenees Mountains from
Spain into France in search of new land.
• The Muslim forces reached the Loire River outside of
the city Tours before encountering Charles Martell’s
Christian forces.
CHARLES MARTEL
BATTLE OF TOURS
• Sources differ on how long the battle lasted,
Christian records report 7 days while Arab records
state the battle only lasted 2 days.
• The loss at Tours halted Muslim expansion. Arab
forces retreated to Spain.
BATTLE OF TOURS
History Channel: The
Dark Age
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=CvSbBEoBe
Pg
INFLUENCE ON EUROPE
• What is the effect of the Battle of Tours & Islam’s
halt?
• The religion of Islam does not penetrate into
Christian Europe.
• European battle field techniques are proven
accurate, and will be used during the Crusades.
INFLUENCE ON EUROPE
• Despite heavy animosity, did Islamic ideas influence
Christian Europe? How? Provide evidence.
• Trade between the Islamic Caliphate and
Europe spread goods & ideas!
• Islamic developments in the fields of science,
math, engineering and medicine spread into
Europe.
• Traditional Arab goods became luxury items in
Europe and were used by the wealthy and
powerful.