Transcript Islamx - PanahWorld

Islam
Abdullah D. Panah
The prophet meets the Angel
Gabriel and is told to recite a couple
verses from the Quran.
21st of Ramadan, 610 AD
Pre-Islamic Arabia
The Prophet gains believers and
goes to the Kabba Sharif to pray!
He is treated harshly. Therefore,
the prophet and his followers
went to Madina to escape
persecution and strengthen the
new religion. Some of his
followers sought refuge in
Ethiopia and told the Christian
king what had happened.
615 AD
Prophet
Mohammad is
born
570 AD
The prophet Muhammad is terrified
and tells his wife bebe Khadija and
she takes him to her cousins. Her
cousin is very old and blind. Her old
cousin tells the prophet to believe
his own story and that he’ll support
his idea no matter what. Khadija's
cousin died 3 days later.
610 AD
The prophet makes a trip to
Jerusalem to see Al-Aqsa Mosque.
From there, he stated that he had
toured heaven and hell with
Gabriel. He said that he had met
with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
620 AD
The prophet unites all the tribes and
begins to create an Islamic army to
conquer Mecca.
622 AD
Other faiths in Medina become
jealous of Muslims suddenly rising to
power, so they joined forces against
the Prophet and his forces.
624 AD
The prophet Muhammad and his followers arrive in
Medina
622 AD
The prophet makes the
Medina constitution which
gives all religions equal rights
in Medina.
622 AD
The prophet expelled 2 of 3 particular
Jewish groups, Banu Qaynuqa and
Nadir. The other groups had always
remained loyal to the prophet.
The 2 expelled Jewish tribes gain an army of
10,000 people against the prophet. Their goal
was to get Medina for themselves. The
prophet reacts with an army of 3,000 people.
However, he new a new method of fighting,
which came from the Persian convert Salmon.
The method was to dig a trench wherever
medina lay open to cavalry attack.
627 AD
The prophet and his followers were going to go
to Mecca to sacrifice animals and complete
their Hajj. However, the 2 expelled Jewish tribes
tried fighting the Muslims. Therefore, they
signed a 10 year treaty known as the Truce of
Truce of Hudaybiyyah.
628 AD
The Banu Khuza tribe, the prophets allies, was
attacked by the Banu Bakr tribe, which was
supported by the Meccans. The prophet then
sent a letter to Mecca telling them to agree to 1
of the conditions. They agreed to declare the
truce of Truce of Hudaybiyyah null.
628 AD
The fighting lasts several weeks until the
Jews surrendered. The captured Male
Jews are given 2 choices:
1. Convert to Islam
2. Be beheaded
The women and children were enslaved.
627 AD
The prophet sent letters to major
leaders surrounding Arabia, telling
them to convert to Islam.
628 AD
The Meccans realized they made a mistake
by agreeing to that term because it
permitted the prophet and his forces to
capture Mecca. The Meccans sent 1 of
their people to renew the truce, however
the Prophet Muhammad declined their
offer.
630 AD
The Prophet Muhammad attacks Mecca and
takes over the city.
630 AD
The Prophet led his forces to attack the Banu
Tabuk because they had adopted an antiMuslim policy. After they were defeated, the
Tabuk tribe sent missionaries to the prophet to
convert to Islam.
630 AD
Abu Bakr becomes 1st caliph.
June, 632 AD
There were minimal casualties and most of the
Meccans convert to Islam. The prophet destroys
all the Arabian god statues in and around the
Kabba.
630 AD
The Prophet went for a farewell
pilgrimage to Mecca.
632 AD
The Prophet died of an illness at the age of 62 or 63.
June 8th , 632 AD
Ridda Wars begin. The Ridda Wars were win the
1st caliph Abu Bakr became the prophet’s
successor. The Arabian tribes refused to stick
with the Muslim empire because they insisted
that they had made a peace treaty with the
prophet, not the Muslims. Therefore, the Ridda
War began and the people who were
disobeying were defeated and the Muslims
became united again.
633 AD
2nd caliph Umar really expanded the
Muslim empire. The empire went from
just Arabia and parts of Persia to
western Afghanistan, Southwestern
Pakistan, Iran, Southwestern Uzbekistan,
Syria, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Jordan,
Egypt, Northern Libya, Eastern Tunisia,
Lebanon, Azerbaijan, Yemen, Saudi
Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, Eastern
Turkey, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab
Emirates, Armenia, and Southern
Georgia.
The 1st caliph, Abu Bakr died from an illness
and due to his old age, he couldn’t recover.
634 AD
Caliph Umar goes to perform
his Hajj and gets assassinated.
He got stabbed multiple times
and died from his wounds 3
days later.
644 AD
Umar succeeded 1st caliph, Abu Bakr, as the 2nd
Caliph.
634 AD
Uthman becomes the 3rd caliph.
644 AD
Uthman really increased the wealth of the
Muslim people living in his empire. He was
a shrewd businessman. He increased the
salary of people working for his
government by 25%.
645 AD
Ali becomes the 4th caliph.
656 AD
3rd Caliph Uthman gets
assassinated.
656 AD
Caliph Uthman created a public treasury
system whom people could borrow money
from.
647 AD
People lived under peace and
prosperity during his reign. Many
people were wealthy. This led to the
construction of new high rise buildings.
During his rein more than 5000 new
mosques were constructed.
4th caliphate Ali didn’t punish the rebels.
656 AD
Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite,
assassinated Ali with a stroke of his poison-coated
sword. The 4th caliph died 2 days after the stroke
from the sword. He ordered his sons not to attack
the kharjites. However, he ordered his sons not to
injure the person who killed him with more than
1 hit because the guy who killed him killed him
with 1 hit. Therefore, his assassin got hit once and
died from his wounds.
Mecca Qibla, Ramadan, 661
When Ali was buried, nobody knew where his
grave was until 5 years later. Currently it is not
100% known where he is. There are multiple
mosques in Afghanistan, Iran, and Afghanistan
that claim he is buried there. Currently the most
likely grave of him is in Najaf, Iran. The 2nd likely
is in Mazaar e Sharif, Afghanistan at the Blue
Mosque.
661 AD-
The people went into civil war. There
were people who said that Uthman
was illegally killed. Others said that
Uthman wasn’t following the Islamic
law so he was executed.
656 AD
4th caliph, Ali’s eldest son, Hassan
becomes the next caliph.
661 AD
Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, who had a longrunning dispute with Ali, summoned the
commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine,
and Transjordan to join him in preparation
for battle. Muawiyah wanted to take the
caliphate for himself.
661 AD
Muawiyah defeats Hasan and
becomes the ruling Caliph and the
1st caliph of the Umayyad dynasty.
Hasan becomes the 2nd imam of
Shi'ite Islam.
661 AD
Unfortunately Hasan’s wife did as
told and mixed honey and poison
and gave it to Hasan. Hasan died.
670 AD
Muawiyah greatly beautified Damascus
likening it to Rome. Muawiyah died of a
stroke brought on by his weight.
681 AD
Ali’s other son Husayn opposed to
Yazid’s nomination because he wasn’t
appointed by nor the coucil or by
election. He started to round up people
against Yazid. Unfortunately, Husayn
was unsuccessful and had most of his
family captured during the battle.
681 AD
Muawiyah told Hasan’s wife to poison
him in exchange for wealth and marriage
to his son when he becomes caliph.
670 AD
Hasan wanted to be buried near his
grandmother Fatima and wanted to
pay his last respects to the Prophet
Muhammad. Aisha would not
permit anyone but Muhammad be
buried in his house.
670 AD
Yazid, Muawiyah’s son, becomes
the 2nd caliph of the Umayyad
dynasty.
681 AD
Yazid dies suddenly making his son,
Muawiyah II the 3rd Umayyad caliphate.
683 AD
Muawiyah II was 22 when he assumed
the caliph position. He was fairly
peaceful. He declared that he’d give
the caliph position to Husayn’s allies.
He had no interest in politics.
683 AD
Muawiyah II abdicated.
June, 684
Marwan becomes the 4th Umayyad caliph.
684 AD
Muawiyah II dies unexpectedly a
month after his abdication.
July, 684
Marwan dies.
May 7th ,685 AD
Marwan recaptured Egypt and Syria from
the opposition.
684 AD
Abd Al-Malik becomes the 5th Umayyad caliph.
However Ibn Al-Zubayr continues to control half
of the Islamic empire remaining as the 6th
Sassanid caliph.
685 AD
Abd Al-Malik was a military genious and
was very active in politics. He captured
all the opposing mulim territories and
brought the whole Islamic empire under
his control. In 692 AD, Ibn Al-Zubayr is
defeated, killed, and crucified by AlMalik’s army.
685-692 AD
Abd Al-Malik constructs plenty of
beautiful architectural structures in
both Damascus and Jerusalem.
692-700 AD
Al-Malik orders gold coins to be
melted and put on the Dome of
the Rock. The Mosque is
completed.
697 AD
The caliph dies peacefully in
Al-Sinnabra in modern day
Israel.
The caliph begins the
construction of the Dome of
the Rock in Jerusalem.
692 AD
The caliph creates a national
mint system. This was the Islamic
empires 1st currency.
692 AD
His son Al-Walid I becomes the 6th Umayyad
caliph.
705 AD
Al Walid I constructs Al-Aqsa mosque and the
Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.
705-710 AD
Sulayman began attacking the
Byzantine empire to further
expand the Islamic empire.
716 AD
Sulayman, his brother, becomes the
6th caliph.
715 AD
Al-Walid I improves mountain passes and
wells in the Islamic empire.
Sulayman died on the way to
combat on the Byzantine border
at the age of 43.
717 AD
Al-Walid I died in Damascus at
the age of 47 and was buried
there.
715 AD
Al-Walid I extends the Islamic empire so
that it spans from Portugal-India.
711 AD
Umar, the great grandson of the 2nd Sassanid
caliphate, became the 7th Umayyad
caliphate.
717 AD
Umar lived a non-luxarious life unlike
the other caliphs. He donated all his
money to the poor or public treasury.
700-720 AD
Umar greatly enforced Zakat and banned
people cursing at the caliph Ali after Friday
prayers.
718 AD
Umar got poisoned and died at 38
years old.
720 AD
His reforms in favor of the people
greatly angered the Umayyad's
and they told 1 of his servants to
poison him.
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