Transcript Chapter 22 Notes- Human Geography of Southwest Asia

Human Geography of
Southwest Asia
Religion, Politics, & Oil
The Arabian Peninsula
Islam- based on the teachings of Muhammad.
Monotheistic
Mosque- place of worship
All Muslims (followers of Islam) perform the 5
pillars.
5 Pillars
1. Faith (Iman or Shahadah)- no God but Allah,
& Muhammad is messenger of Allah
2. Prayer (Salah)- praying 5x’s per day towards
Mecca
3. Charity (Zakah)- giving money to the poor.
4. Fasting (Saum)- during month of Ramadan,
do not eat or drink anything between sunrise &
sunset.
5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)- make pilgrimage to Mecca
once during life.
The Arabian Peninsula
Theocratic- religious leaders control the
government.
many of the governments in the region are
this
Ayatollah- Muslim religious leader
The Arabian Peninsula
OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesMembers set worldwide oil prices & production quotas
DON’T WRITE- Members include Algeria, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United
Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
Which countries have the largest
reserves of crude oil?
Country
Crude oil reserves
(million barrels)
Saudi Arabia
262,697
Iraq
112,500
Iran
99,080
United Arab Emirates
97,800
Kuwait
96,500
The Arabian Peninsula
Arabic WomenMost cover themselves from head to toe in a burqa (Arabic
covering)
• Modesty & being covered is believed to be pleasing to god.
The Eastern Mediterranean
3 major religions were all started
in Southwest Asia
Judaism, Christianity, & Islam
All 3 claim Jerusalem as a holy
city.
Eastern Mediterranean
Jews- Jerusalem is holiest city
Holiest site- Western Wall (Wailing Wall)
Whole area is known as the Temple Mount
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First Temple built by King Solomon then destroyed
Temple rebuilt
Second Temple destroyed by the Romans
Only piece left standing is known as the Western Wall
No Jewish temple on site since 70 A.D.
The Eastern Mediterranean
Christians cherish the
land as the area where
Jesus Christ was crucified
& for the holy areas of
the Church of the Holy
Sepulcher (where
crucified) & Mount of the
Olives.
The Eastern Mediterranean
Islam claims Jerusalem as 3rd
holiest city behind Mecca &
Medina
Dome of the Rock- spot where
Muslims believe the Prophet
Muhammad rose into heaven
AKA- Haram Ash-Sharif (Temple
Mount)
Next to Western Wall
Site of frequent clashes
between Muslims & Jews
The Eastern Mediterranean
Ottoman EmpireMuslim based
government, started
in Turkey
Lasted from 15201920 (‘til end of WW1)
The Northeast
The Kurds- ethnic group in Southwestern
Asia
Stateless nation
5,000+ were gassed to death by Saddam
Hussein’s army.
Saddam was executed for this
The Northeast
Mesopotamia- many civilizations were
started here in the “land between the
rivers” (AKA The Fertile Crescent)
Sumer
Babylonia
Assyria
Chaldea
Hittites
Persia
The Northeast
Two main branches of Islam
Sunni Muslim- 83% of all
Muslims
Shi’ite Muslim
Taliban- fundamentalist Muslim
political group in Afghanistan
Men
No television, music or movies
No whistling or clapping
No dancing
No shorts
No photography
No smoking
Men must have a beard and wear a head
covering
Women:
•No jobs, must stay at home
•Must wear the burqa and be with a male relative outside the house
•No schooling/education
•No revealing ankles/ no white socks
•No treatment by male doctors
•No make-up or brightly colored clothes
•No associating with male shopkeepers
•No laughing loudly
•No high heels
•No driving
•No riding bicycles
•No washing clothes next to a river unless a male relative is present
•Windows must be painted or covered