Transcript Corporate Creativity

CHAPTER 13
SECTION 2
1
GHANA
2
RULER & SUBJECT
drums called citizens to meetings with kings
settled arguments
managed trade
protected empire
expected complete obedience in return
merchants received favors from kings
kings received taxes from merchants
local rulers kept some power
kings received their loyalty
kingdoms grow richer
extended control over larger area
system kept peace
3
GOVERNMENT
council of ministers
– group of close advisors
provinces
– kingdom divided to control empire
district chiefs
– oversaw smaller districts
clan
– group of families related by blood or
marriage
– descended from same ancestor
4
GOVERNMENT CONTINUED
insisted local rulers send sons to royal
court
kings controlled trade
gold nuggets – only king owned
people only traded with gold dust
kingdom inherited by sister’s son
5
MALI GOVERNMENT
larger scale
– more territory
– more people
– more trade
royal officials
– supervised Niger River fishing
– looked after forests
– oversaw farming
– managed money
6
SUNDIATA KEITA
– founder
– divided empire into provinces
– put generals put in charge
–accepted
–protected people from invaders
–often came from provinces they
ruled
7
MANSA MUSA
– kept citizens loyal
rewarded with gold, land, & horses
– “National Honor of the Trousers”
granted to military heroes
– Muslim
– made Mali a great center of
education, commerce, & the arts
8
MANSA MUSA’S PILGRIMAGE
brought with him…
– 8,000 enslaved people
– 100 camels carrying baggage
– 24,000 pounds of gold
– each person carried a staff of gold
spent so much gold in Cairo that price of gold
dropped & did not recover for more than 12 years
announced Mali’s riches & achievements to world
brought attention to his kingdom
put Mali on map
many European nations & African kingdoms wished
to establish trade with Mali
9
SONGHAI
Empire built on traditions of
Ghana and Mali.
10
SUNNI ALI
founder
divided empire into provinces
never finished
continually moved, fighting battles
originally practiced traditional religion
declared himself Muslim to keep support of
townspeople
mysterious death
son refused to follow father’s example
11
MUHAMMAD TURE
Sunni Ali’s general (Songhai)
seized control of government
loyal Muslim
had support of Muslim townspeople
declared himself king
religious ideas affected government
drove Ali’s family from Songhai
took name “Askia” rank in army
12
ASKIA MUHAMMAD
built largest empire in medieval West Africa
kept local courts in place – told to honor Muslim
laws
made Timbuktu center of Islamic culture
set up 150 schools to teach Quran
Muslim schools introduced Arabic language to
Africa
empire survived family disputes
Moroccan invasion ended empire (guns)
13
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
member of Igbo
wrote …
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–
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Africans did have a religion
believed one creator of all things
supreme god
determined death & captivity
14
IBN BATTUTA
young Arab lawyer from Morocco
traveled throughout lands of Islam for
almost 30 years
surprised by what he saw on his travels
visited Mogadishu & met sultan
sultan – a military or political leader
not all Muslim women in Africa wore veils
wrote about his observations
15
SWAHILI
“people of the coast”
language & culture of East Africa
African influence from interior Africa
Muslim influence from Arab & Persian
settlers
halted inland trade when Portuguese tried
to destroy Swahili culture
16
ISLAM’S IMPACT ON AFRICA
people adopted Islamic laws & ideas
about what is right & wrong
Islam advanced learning
Arabic language was introduced
African art & buildings
architects built beautiful mosques &
palaces
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