Transcript Chapter 11 – 2 Islamic Empires

ISLAMIC EMPIRES
11 – 2
The Spread of Islam
Successor to Muhammad
Caliph or successor to the messenger of god.
First four caliphs = “rightly guided caliphs” rule at Madinah
Umayyad caliphs rule from Damascus, Islam spreads
Islamic State
• Becomes a great empire b/c Arabs were good
horsemen & good w/ a sword inspired by religion
• Muslims believe people who die fighting for Islam go
to paradise
• Muslims let conquered people (non Muslims) practice
their religion TAX $
• Many non-Muslims adopt Muslim customs
Muslim Teachings Spread
• Sufis = group of Muslims who spread Islam through
teaching
• Arab merchants spread Islam throughout southeast
Asia
• Indonesia = southeast Asia country w/ largest Muslim
population
• Timbuktu = a West African city, center of Muslim
learning
How did Muslims treat Christians and Jews who lived in
their society?
• Muslims believed Christians and Jews to be people of
the book (holy book, 1 God).
• Christians and Jews were not treated fairly and
charged higher taxes.
Struggles within Islam
• Muhammad’s death = Two groups Sunnis & Shiites
• Shiites believed Ali (son in law) should rule and all future
caliphs should be descendants
• Sunnis believe that the Umayyad caliphs were rightful
leaders (two groups = separate customs)
• Abbasids defeated the Umayyad dynasty and made a
new capital in Baghdad (center of trade)
Seljuk Turks
Nomads & warriors / gradually took control of the
Abbasid dynasty
Ruler = sultan
Mongols
• attacked and defeated the Arab Empire, ending its rule
w/ the burning of
Baghdad
Later Muslim Empires
Ottoman Turks
• North west Asia Minor built their empire & conquered
Constantinople
• Change name to Istanbul. Moved around Europe,
Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and
North Africa
• The Moguls created a Muslim empire in India and
made their capital in Delhi. Their greatest leader was
Akbar.