Transcript Islam & the Ottoman Empire

Thursday, October 2, 2014
Take Out:
• Writing utensil
• Notes
Today
• Islam & Ottoman Empire
Homework: Worksheet – Suleyman
Coming Up – Quiz on Wednesday!
- Age of Exploration & Ottoman Empire info
Islam & the Ottoman Empire
World Map - 1600
Vocabulary
• Islam – the religion
– literally, means submission or peace
– Monotheistic religion
• Muslim – one who follows Islam
• Allah – God
– Arabic word
• Qu’ran – Holy book
– sometimes spelled in English as Koran – means
recitation
Vocabulary
• Hadiths – the record of Mohammed’s sayings
and deeds
• Shariah – Islamic Law
– Muslims must follow (but in reality only a small
percentage of Muslims practice complete Shariah)
• Caliph – successor
• Pillar – belief
– There are five pillars of Islam
What is Islam?
• Monotheistic religion (one
god)
• Hundreds of years old
• Islam is practiced by 1/5
of the world’s population
What is Islam?
• What do Muslims believe?
– Peace, mercy, forgiveness
– One, Unique, Incomparable God
– God’s complete authority over human destiny
and in life after death
– Prophet Muhammad and angel Gabriel
Who Was Muhammad?
• Born in 570
• First supernatural visit in 575
• Known for his truthfulness, generosity and
sincerity
– sought after to arbitrate disputes
• Calm and meditative
• Was content with his ordinary life, but that
all changed one day…
Muhammad
• Gabriel, an angel, began
speaking to Muhammad in
a cave at the Mountain of
Light
• Gabriel’s Revelation lasted
for 23 years
• This is known as the Quran
Muhammad
• Muhammad began preaching in public to
strangers in the streets in 613
– Makkahn authorities saw this as a threat
– Muhammad had to hide in his uncle’s castle
Muhammad
• Muhammad escaped to Medina (“City of
the Prophet”) to avoid persecution
– Called the Hijra
• Occurred in 622, which marks the
beginning of the Muslim calendar
• 2014 = 1435–1436 AH
Muhammad
• Muhammad died in 632
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s best friend,
became the first caliph
Message of Islam
• Five pillars of Islam:
– Faith
– Prayer
– Fasting
• (month of Ramadan)
– Charity
– Pilgrimage
• (Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca)
Message of Islam
• Monotheism
• Allah (Arabic name for
God)
• Qu’ran
• People are responsible
for their actions
• Recognize no official
priests
Ottoman Empire
• By 1300 a small Turkish state grew
powerful
– Became an
immense empire
stretching across
three continents
Ottoman Empire
• First leader: Osman
– Westerners called him Othman
– Called his followers Ottomans
– Empire became known as Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
• Second leader: Osman’s son Orkhan
– Declared himself sultan – “one with power”
– Expanded empire
Ottoman Empire
• Kept expanding under Orkhan’s sons
Ottoman Empire
• 1512, Ottoman Empire includes Islam’s
holy cities
– Mecca
– Medina
– Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world)
Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman Empire – peak size and
grandeur under Suleyman the Lawgiver
– 1520-1566
Ottoman Empire - decline
• After? Slow decline due to incompetent
leaders
Essential Question
What is Islam?
How did the Islamic Empire expand?
Expansion of the Islamic Empire