Transcript slides

Map Link: Colonial Empires about 1900:
<http://web.carteret.edu/keoughp/fromblackboard/Maps/map33.jpg>
Impact:
Drawing maps, splitting groups
Modernising colonies for colonisers’
benefit
Refashioning economies
Rationales; e.g. French mission
civilisatrice
Reactions – Political/Social:
Experiments with constitutional
governments (Ottomans, Iran)
Education – Europeanisation and
modernisation, marginalising
traditional religious elite
Reactions – Political/Social:
Jamal al-Din
al-Afghani
(1838-97)
Pan-Islam:
Muslim unity as key to
defeating western
powers
Advocating rational, modern
Islam
Reactions – Political/Social:
Nationalism: Sense of shared identity based
on shared language, history,
geographical origin
Communalism: Sense of shared identity
and objectives based on shared
religion (e.g. Muslim minority in
India)
Reactions – Religious:
Education: e.g. madrasa at Deoband,
founded 1867
Ahl-i Hadith (People of the Hadith)
Ahl-i Sunna wa Jama‘a (People of the
Sunna and the Community)
Reactions – Religious:
Modernism: e.g. Sayyid Ahmad Khan
(1817-98), Muhammad Abduh
(1849-1905)
Salafiya (al-Salaf al-Salih [the pious
ancestors])
Reactions – Religious:
Messianic Expectations:
mahdi (Messiah)
Messianic rebellions, e.g. against
Dutch in Indonesia (1873-1903),
Egyptians/British in Sudan
(1882-99)
Reactions – Religious:
Messianic Expectations:
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (c. 18351908) in Punjab
Ahmadiya
Map Link: Ottoman Empire, 1683-1923:
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/
ottoman1683_shepherd.jpg>
Zionism/Jewish Nationalism:
Support for Jewish homeland, preferably
in Palestine
Balfour Declaration (2nd November 1917)
Questions of ownership
“His Majesty’s Government view with
favour the establishment in
Palestine of a national home for
the Jewish people, and will use
their best endeavours to facilitate
the achievement of this object, it
being clearly understood that
nothing shall be done which may
prejudice the civil and religious
rights of existing non-Jewish
communities in Palestine, or the
rights and political status enjoyed
by Jews in any other country.”
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
(b. Kabul? 1838, d. Istanbul 1897)
Al-Sayyid Muhammad ibn Safdar
al-Afghani
Philosopher, writer and Muslim
revivalist
Born into Hanafi family. Trained
in religious sciences and
philosophy
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
(b. Kabul? 1838, d. Istanbul 1897)
Travelled widely, soon gained
fame for abilities as a scholar
and ideas on modern
interpretation of Islam
Upset conservative religious
scholars
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
(b. Kabul? 1838, d. Istanbul 1897)
Opposed colonialism, helped stir
up opposition esp. in Egypt.
Also critical of Muslim rulers
whom he saw as corrupt
Eventually imprisoned in Istanbul.
Died on 9th March 1897,
apparently of chin cancer…