Transcript Islam

Islam
Objectives and State Standards
• I can identify the physical landscape of the
Islamic world (7.3)
• I can examine the origins of Islam with
Judaism and Christianity and the basic
beliefs. (7.5)
Geography of Arabia (Middle East)
The Arabian Peninsula and
Southwest Asia (often
referred to as the Middle
East) was a cultural bridge
between Africa, Europe and
Asia where goods were
traded and new ideas were
shared. One set of shared
ideas would become a
powerful change in the
world—the religion of Islam
Life in the Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula is a
crossroads of three
continents—Africa, Europe and
Asia. At its longest and widest
points, the peninsula is 1200
miles from north to south and
1300 miles from east to west.
Only a tiny strip of fertile land
in south Arabia can support
agriculture. The remainder of
the land is mostly desert and
inhabited by nomadic herders.
Life in the Arabian Peninsula
On this desert, the nomadic
Arabs called Bedouins
(bed·oh·ins), were organized
into tribes called clans. These
clans provided security and
support for a life made
difficult by the extreme
conditions of the desert. The
Bedouin ideals of courage,
loyalty to family and their
warrior skills would become a
part of the Islamic way of life.
Life in the Arabian Peninsula
By the early 600’s AD,
trade routes connected
Arabia to major ocean
and land trade routes.
Silk Road
Merchants moved along
the Silk Road for goods
from the of the Empires
of the east. They also
carried new ideas and
technologies from lands
outside of Arabia.
IslamAn Abrahamic
Religion
 Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the JudeoChristian God, which they call
Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is the word of God.
Peoples of the Book
Abraham’s Genealogy
HAGAR
ABRAHAM
Ishmael
12 Arabian
Tribes
SARAH
Isaac
Jacob
12 Tribes of
Israel
Esau
The Prophetic
Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
The Origins of the
Qur’an
 Muhammad received
his first
revelation from the angel
Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.

622  Hijrah  Muhammed
flees Mecca for Medina.
* The beginning of the
Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

Muhammad’s revelations were
compiled into the Qur’an after
his death.
The Qur’an
 Muslims believe it contains the
word of God.

114 suras (chapters).

In the name of Allah,
the compassionate,
the merciful.

Written
in Arabic.
The life of the Prophet Mohammed
Mohammad was born into the clan of a powerful Meccan
family. Orphaned at the age of six, Mohammad was
raised by his grandfather and uncle. He received very
little schooling and soon entered the caravan trade
industry.
Mohammad took great interest in religion and often spent
time alone in prayer & meditation. At about the age of
40, Mohammad's life was changed overnight when a voice
called to him while meditating. According to Muslim
beliefs, the voice was that of the angel Gabriel who told
Mohammad that he was a messenger of Allah.
The life of the Prophet Mohammed
Mohammad had begun to teach that Allah was
the one and only God and that all other Gods
were to be abandoned. People who agreed to
this basic principal of Islam were called
Muslims.
Islam means “one who submits to the will of
Allah”
Muslim means “one who has submitted.”
The Holy City of Mecca
During certain holy months,
caravans stopped Mecca, a
city on the Arabian
Peninsula. They brought
religious pilgrims who came
to worship at an ancient
shrine called the Ka’aba.
The Arabs associated this
house of worship with
Abraham, a Hebrew prophet
and a believer of one God..
The concept of belief in one God, Allah in Arabic, was well
known on the Arabian peninsula as many Christians & Jews
already lived there. It was here in this religiously mixed
environment of Mecca, around 570 A
The Holy City of Mecca
During certain holy months,
caravans stopped Mecca, a
city on the Arabian
Peninsula. They brought
religious pilgrims who came
to worship at an ancient
shrine called the Ka’aba.
The Arabs associated this
house of worship with
Abraham, a Hebrew prophet
and a believer of one God..
The concept of belief in one God, Allah in Arabic, was well
known on the Arabian peninsula as many Christians & Jews
already lived there. It was here in this religiously mixed
environment of Mecca, around 570 AD Mohammad was born.
The Ka’ aba (House of Wisdom)
Beliefs & Practices of Islam
The main teaching of Islam is there is only one God, Allah.
All other beliefs and practices follow from this teaching.
Islam teaches that there is good and evil, and that each
individual is responsible for the actions of his or her life.
To be a Muslim
means to follow a
strict moral code of
behavior known as
the Five Pillars of
Islam.
Pillar #1 Faith
“there is but one God and his
name is Allah”
Pillar #2 Prayer
Muslims are to pray five times
daily facing the city of Mecca.
Pillar #3 Alms
Muslims are to give to those in
need
Pillar #4Fast
During the holy month of
Ramadan, Muslims from sun-up to
sun-down, refrain from eating to
be reminded that spiritual
sacrifice is more important that
physical need
Pillar #5 Pilgrimage
A pilgrimage to the holy city of
Mecca is to be made if you are
able to. This is to be done once in
your lifetime
In what ways would the five
pillars be similar to the 10
Commandments?
Other Muslim Beliefs
Carrying out the Five Pillars of Islam ensures that
Muslims live their religion while serving in their
community. Along with the Five Pillars, there are
other customs, morals, and laws for Islamic society
that affect Muslims’ daily lives.
•Muslims are forbidden from eating pork
•Muslims are forbidden from consuming alcohol
•Friday afternoons are set aside for communal prayer
•Islam has no priests or central religious authority( like the
Pope in Christianity)
Other Muslim Beliefs
The holy book of Islam is
the Qur’an.
The Qur’an is written in
Arabic, and Muslims
consider only the Arabic
version to be the true word
of Allah. Only Arabic can be
used during worship and
wherever Muslims carried
the Qur’an, Arabic became
the official language of
followers and scholars.
Links to Other Religions
•To Muslims, Allah is the same God that is
worshipped in Christianity and Judaism.
•Muslims view the Qur’an as the word of
God in the same way that Christians and
Jews view the Bible and the Torah.
•All three religions believe in the Holy
land.
What is the Qur’an & what how
does it make Islam similar to
Christianity and Judaism?
• End of Lesson Questions
Questions
1. Describe the
landscape of
most of Arabia.
2. How is Islam
similar to
Christianity and
Judaism. (List 1)
3. Who was the
founder of Islam?
Islam’s Spread and
Contributions to the World
Objectives and States
Standards
• I can examine the reasons Islam spread.
• I can identify the contributions that Islam
has made to the world.
The Spreading of Islam
When Mohammad died in 632 AD, Muslim
inspired by the message of Allah, believed that
they had a duty to carry his word to the world.
The Spreading of Islam
The Muslim community expanded the Muslim
Empire 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Indus River.
The Spread of Islam

Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable”  nomads & trade
routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans
and other non-believers (“infidels”).
Treatment of Conquered People
Because the Qur’an forbade forced conversion,
Muslims allowed conquered people to follow
their own religion. Christians and Jews were
made to pay a tax each year to their Muslim
rulers.
THINK…Is this good or bad? DEFEND
YOUR ANSWER.
Muslim Trade & Culture
Upper class-born Muslims
Those who converted to Islam
The “protected people”- Christians and
Jews
Lowest class- slaves
The Qur’an also declared that men and women were equals
Muslim Trade & Culture
The Muslim Empire could engage in sea trade
with most of the known world and a land
network of roads connected it to inner China,
India, and Africa.
At one end of the Muslim Empire was the city
of Cordoba. The city attracted philosophers,
scientists, inventors, and scholars as it
boomed into a cultural center.
Muslim Trade & Culture
Overtime, the influence of Muslims grew as the
Empire attracted people form a variety of
lands. The many cultural traditions combined
with Arabic culture to create an international
flavor.
What factors helped in the
spread of Islam?
Muslim Contributions to the
World
Muslim Innovations
As the city of Cordoba was growing into a cultural center,
intellectual life was growing as well, especially the love of books.
The most celebrated library in Cordoba was said to have had over
400,000 books, many of which were in constant reproduction by
hand copying professionals. Many books from Ancient Rome and
Greece were preserved here. The widespread availability of
books throughout the Islamic Empire contributed to all kinds of
learning.
Algebra
Muslim scholar were very interested in further developing Greek
mathematics. They even developed many games that were based
on math including “magic boxes” that were grids containing
numbers that added up to the same sum vertically, horizontally,
and diagonally (sound familiar). One of the most famous Muslim
mathematicians introduced the idea of algebra which comes from
the word “al jabr” which means bringing together of separate
parts. Algebra became a major contribution to the scientific
world.
2x + y + 30
Astronomy
Astronomy- the study of the skies- was an area in which Islamic
scholar excelled. For centuries astronomer built off of the work of
Greek scientist Ptolemy that the earth was at the center of the
universe and that the sun, stars and other planets revolved around
it. Islamic scientists through their own observations noted
mistakes in this view of the universe . Islamic scholars also
invented a new device for measuring time of day, latitude, and
movement or position of the stars and planets. This was called an
astrolabe.
Medicine
Many advances were also made in the field of medicine. Physicians and
pharmacists were required to pass exams before treating patients. They
setup hospitals that had separate areas for trauma cases, this is the basis for
today's emergency rooms. Physicians developed treatments for cataracts,
used a variety of herbal remedies, and were adept at treating a variety of
injuries. Islamic pharmacists were the first to mix sweet tasting syrups with
medicine, ensuring that they would be taken.
A famous Islamic physician, wrote a book called Canon on Medicine, which was
an encyclopedia of Greek, Arabic, and his own knowledge of medicine. This
book became the foundation of medical knowledge in Europe for nearly 500
years.
Geometric Design & Calligraphy
According to the teachings of the Qur'an,
human images were not allowed in religious
celebration. Therefore, they developed a
style of geometric shapes and patterns that
were used to decorate religious buildings
called mosques. These geometric patterns
usually contained verses from the Qur'an
written in a stylized form of decorative
handwriting called calligraphy.
Chess & Polo
The games of polo and chess were introduced to the Muslim
world by the Persians who had first learned of these games from
the people of Asia. Chess was particularly well liked because of
the intellectual challenge. The games were spread to Europe
following the crusades. Polo was a technical game that utilized
horse back riding that once again was a mainstay of the Asian
people.
The Hagia Sophia
The Dome of the Rock
Muslims in the World
Today
Countries with the
Largest Muslim
Population
1. Indonesia
183,000,000
6. Iran
62,000,000
2. Pakistan
134,000,000
7. Egypt
59,000,000
3. India
121,000,000
8. Nigeria
53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria
31,000,000
10. Morocco
29,000,000
5. Turkey
•
66,000,000
Arabs make up only 20% of the total
Muslim population of the world.
Muslims in America
End of Lesson Questions
1. Name 1 of the reasons why Islam
spread.
2. Name a contribution that Islam
contributed to the world.
3. In what two continents are most Muslims
found today?