Transcript ISLAM - “to submit”

ISLAM - “to submit”
“There is no god but Allah:
Muhammad is the prophet of Allah”
Call to prayer
Muhammad “The Prophet”


born @ 570 CE in Mecca
raised by an Uncle
–

Quraish clan
Hermit: spent time in
solitude
–
–
–
–
–
prayed in mtn caves
Angel Gabriel appeared to him
 “RECITE”
 became QURAN
1st convert to Islam
Muhammad’s 1st wife
merchant
HEJIRA




622 CE
first year of Muslim
Calendar
migration of Mu. &
Muslims fm Mecca to
Medina
Yathrib changed to Medina
(City o/t Prophet)
–

2nd holiest site in Islam
630 CE: war w/ Meccans
–
captures Mecca



dedicates KA’ABA to Allah
smashes all idols
holiest site in Islam
FIVE PILLARS of ISLAM


Proclamation of Faith
Prayer five times a day
–


Alms (charity) to the poor
& aged
Fasting during Ramadan
–
–
–
KA’ABA

facing Mecca
Gabriel spoke to Mu
month of Hejira
no food/water btwn sunrise
& sunset
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
ONCE in a lifetime
The QURAN

Muslim holy book
–

exact word of Allah as
revealed to Mu. by Angel
Gabriel
–



sits at the right hand of Allah
God becomes the Word
authority on religion,
politics, law, economics &
social life
forbidden to translate from
Arabic
link btwn all Muslims
Quranic teachings







“people of the book”
– Jews & Christians
– treat w/ tolerance
be merciful & compassionate
repeat 1st Pillar three times in
front of male Muslim to become
a Muslim
“I divorce you” x3
Paradise or Hell (Judgment Day)
Hadith: traditional sayings o/t
prophet
Inshallah (the will of God)
–
–
Belief in predestination
God controls all that happens
Golden Age of Islam (1st four Caliphs:
successors to the Prophet)

Abu-Bakr (632-634 CE)



Umar (634-644)
–
–
–
–

Syria/Egypt from Bz. Emp.
captured Baghdad & Jerusalem
most of Persia conquered
murdered by Persian slave
Uthman (644-656)
–
–

Mu’s father-in-law
united all Arab tribes
captured Egypt & N. Africa
assassinated by fellow Muslims
Ali (656-661)
–
–
Mu’s son-in-law (hus. of Fatima)
assassinated by own people
EXPANSION OF ISLAM


Arab armies united by
their belief in Islam
Muslim warriors who
died in combat won a
place in paradise
–


lure of riches (booty)
tolerant conquerors
–

Jihad
special non-believers
tax
Commerce spread
Islamic Sects (divisions)

Sunni Muslims (80-90%)
–
–
–

Shi’ites (Shiah) (10-20%)
–
–
–

any devout male Muslim can
be Caliph
high moral character
Majority
only descendents of Ali can
be Caliph
only Imams can guide
Muslims to salvation
minority (except Iran)
Sufism: mystical Islam
Islamic Art
Mosques
What is a muezzin?
What is a
minaret?
Islamic Customs and Laws




Follow strict dietary laws– HALAL - name of Allah must be mentioned
while animal is slaughtered –
Can’t drink alcohol
No gambling
Can’t kill animals for sport
Women in Islam


Men & women are spiritual
equals
Hijab shows Muslim
identity
–
–

recognize intelligence, not
sexuality
seen as feminine
Hadith:
“seeking knowledge is
mandatory for all Muslims”
The Islamic
(Arab) Empires

Umayyad Dynasty (661750 CE)
–
–
Damascus is capital
emphasized Arab culture



Arabic main language
Gradually gov’t jobs went to
Arabs
Abbasid Dynasty (7501258 CE)
–
–
–
–
Baghdad (God given) is
capital
more than 1 million ppl
Muslim more important
than being Arab
built libraries, hospitals,
irrigation, mosques, schools
Shari’a-Islamic Law




Evolved over time-all Muslims held same values
Traditions of Prophet (sunna) as revealed in
reports (hadith) about Muh. words or deeds
Strict punishments for crimes- In some strongly
Muslim countries there’s little difference between
religious laws and country laws.
Ex: Death Penalty for murder