Transcript Doctors 3 S 2

Cures
S
3
2-3
• Cures for disorders relied on pre-Islamic
(before the founding of Islam in 600s)
traditions
• Bloodletting and cupping (drawing blood to
surface of skin w/ heated cups) was popular
healing methods
• Used broths, elixirs, liniments, salves and
powders w/ natural ingredients (ex. Milk,
herbs)
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Cures
S
3
3
• Exilir
– Substance believed to have special properties
(ability to prolong life)
– Medicine mixture
• Salve
– Healing cream/ointment
• Liniments
– Liquid applied to skin
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Cures
S
3
3
• For…
– Broken bones
• Massaged area, rubbed w/ ointment and immobilized it
• Muslims belived supernatural forces (evil eye
and spirits) affected personal health
• Islamic physicians had little success w/ surgery
– Rarley saved those w/ major internal wounds
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Cures
S
3
3
• To protect from illness…
– Muslims wore charms
– Wore amulets
– Wore talismans made from stones/animal parts
– Carried written magical sayings or in homes
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Tools/Antibiotics
Q
3
3
• “Alchemists discovered numerous substances
with healing properties. Man modern drugs
have their origins in these findings, and
modern chemists use processing methods
developed by the alchemists”
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Greek Influence
Q/S
3
3
• “Greek traditions influenced Islamic healing
methods”
• Humors method/theory became basis of
medical practice- promoted by Hippocrates
• Existence of humors (body fluids) blood,
phlegm, yellow bile and black bile
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Abbasid Caliphate
s
3
3
• Research excelled during this caliphate
• Translated Greek text to Arabic
• Created encyclopedias, teaching texts, and self
help manuals based on works of Galen
• Advanced in pharmacology, ophthalmology
(study of eye disease), optics, surgery and
contagion
• Writing called Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sina
put Galen’s works together
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Abbasid Caliphate
S
3
3-4
• Ibn al-Nafis described how blood circulates
through the human heart
• Treated all patients at hospitals regardless of
gender, religion or social class
• Hospitals offered treatment for mental illness
and contagions
• Number of hospitals increased
• Nuri hospital and Mansuri hospital were
prominent institutions of this caliphate
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Influence of Muhammad
S
3
4
• Many muslims believe in a “medicine of the
prophet”
• Scholar Ibn-Qaayyim al-Jawziyan published
‘Medicine of the Prophet’ (a collection of
medical reports), including magical and
natural remedies
• Use herbal cures for headaches, stomach
problems, coughs, or pray and charms
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Western/European Methods
S/Q
• Provide drop in infant mortality
• “1981- First international conference on
Islamic medicine to promote Muslim
principles in health care”
MR
3
4-5
Ulama
S
3
5
• Ulama debated their compatibility w/ Islam
issues
• In Saudi Arabia citizens asked Ulama to rule
organ transplants
• Ulama said organ donations are ok if the
donor allows it
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Fazlur Rahman- Pakistani Philosopher
S/Q
3
5
• Needs of living are more important than dead
• Disapproved of the practice of keeping
someone living by unnatural means
• Qu’ran emphasizes “quality over quantity for
life”
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Cosmetic Surgery
S/Q
3
5
• Believe that “beauty is a gift of God” and that
they should alter their face/appearance to
“relieved physical suffering or psychological
distress
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Hospitals
P
6
3
• Treated men and women in separate wards
• Financed or supported by government
• 10th century-extended to rural areas, prisons
and inner city areas
• Medicine practice based on Greeks, Persians,
India
• Used sedatives for relaxation of patient
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Ibn Sina-Doctor
P
6
2
• Believed health problems caused by the
interferance of the body’s natural healing
process
– Ex. Keep using a sore arm instead of resting it
– Ex. Not enough sleep to fight disease
• Treatments
– Herbs
– Hot baths
– Surgery to remove blockage internally
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Doctors
P
6
3
• Used antiseptics to clean wounds- unheard of
until 19th century
• Spanish doctor Al-Zahrawi designed knives,
scalpels, probes, hooks to use during
operation
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Doctors
S
3
2
• Relied on 3 sources
– The Qu’ran
– The Hadiath
– Folk Remedies
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