Transcript Islam - missstacy

Pre Class
List
5 things that you know
(or think you know) about
the religion of Islam,
Islamic culture and history.
Arab? Islam? Muslim? Islamic?
Arab – someone who speaks Arabic
 Islam – the faith founded by Muhammad
 Muslim – someone who practices the
religion of Islam
 Islamic – describing an object (ie. Islamic
country, Islamic calendar, Islamic law)

The Arab World
Islam - religion started by
Muhammad and his
teachings/revelations from Allah
Means
“submission” –people must
throw themselves upon the mercy of
God (submit) in order to be saved
“Muslim” – people who practice the
religion of Islam
Arabia Before Muhammad
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Bedouin tribes – nomadic animal herders
– Worshipped pagan gods
– Constantly at war (scarcity of water, resources)
Mecca
– Popular because of the Kaaba (tribes worshipped
pagan gods)
– Prosperous – Kaaba made it a center of trade
Muhammad
 born
in Mecca 570 A.D.
(Arabian Peninsula)
 “revelation” from God
in a cave
 set out to preach the idea
of MONOTHEISM (one
God) and social justice
Why didn’t Arabs like
Muhammad's message?
 Threatened
their gods/way of life
–monotheism, non-violence
 Threatened their power and wealth
–Kaaba brought trade and
prosperity
–Rich had to give to poor
622-The Hijra
 Muhammad
forced out of Mecca
and went to Yathrib (Medina city of the prophet)
 began the religion of Islam in
Medina
 Year 1 on Muslim calendar
Prophet’s Mosque-Medina
630 Muhammad returns to Mecca
 Battle
of Badr
 captures the
city of Mecca
 Died in 632
Why does Islam spread?
Social justice message –
non-violence, equality
 Strength of Muhammad’s
forces

– New power in Arabia
– People converted to Islam
Kaaba
Before Muhammad:
After Muhammad:
“black stone”
worshipped,
along with
pagan gods
•
•
•
re-dedicated to
one God (Allah)
1st mosque
(Muslim house of
worship)
Sight of the hajj
Islam Splits – Writing assignment

Using SEVEN of the vocab terms that you
defined for homework, write a paragraph
that responds to the following questions:
- What are the major differences between Shiite
and Sunni Muslims?
- Which difference, do you think, is the most
significant? Why?
YOU MUST UNDERLINE EACH WORD
 THIS WILL BE GRADED!

Pre Class
Which difference between Sunnis
and Shiites do you believe is the
most significant? Why?
Islam: After Muhammad's Death
AD 632 – Muhammad dies
 Abu Bakr takes over as caliph (successor
to the prophet; political leader of Islam)
 AD 661 – Ali, the 4th caliph (relative of
Muhammad) is murdered
 Dispute over who will be the next
successor erupts!!!

Sunnis/Shiites: SIMILARITIES
 Monotheistic
(believe in one God = Allah)
 Muhammad = prophet
 Koran – unchanging EXACT word of God
 Hadith/Sunnah
 Sharia (Islamic law)
 Worship in mosques
 Mecca = holy city
 5 Pillars = responsibilities as Muslims
Islam Splits
SHIISM
SUNNISM
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Traditional Islam
Any devout Muslim can
be caliph
Emphasis on Koran,
Hadith and Sunnah
Scholars interpret Koran
Don’t recognize
imams/ayatollahs
No clergymen
85-90%
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“Ali’s Party”
Caliph must be direct
descendant of Muhammad
Believe Muhammad chose
first imam (Ali)
Imam – leader – interprets
Koran/Hadith
Ayatollahs issue decrees on
Islamic law
10-15%
Muhammad’s Teachings
 Allah was the one and only God and all
should submit and be thankful to Him
 All believers in Allah were equal under
Him (SOCIAL JUSTICE)
 rich should share wealth with the poor
 Allah knows people’s destiny, but they
should strive to live good lives
 Christians
and Jews
“people of the
book”
 required to treat
them with tolerance
Five Pillars of Islam
 Faith
 Daily
prayer
 Almsgiving
 Fast
 Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
Testament of Faith
 There
is ONE
God, Allah,
and
Muhammad is
his prophet
Daily Prayer
 Pray
five
times a day
 facing Mecca
 In Arabic
Almsgiving
 Charity
to the
poor and aged
 2.5% of
possessions
Fast
 during
the month of Ramadan
 NO food – sunrise to sunset
 Refrain from violence, harsh
language, gossip, etc.
Dates – used to break fasts by many
Muslims (Kuwait)
Kabba
 “pilgrimage”
Hajj
An American Muslim
to Mecca
 All Muslims who are able must
make the journey
Stoning
The Koran
 Sacred
book
 Muhammad’s miracle
 God’s final message to his people
 Final authority for Muslims, on:
religion, politics, law, economic,
and social life
 Islamic Law – Sharia
Pre Class
Look at your Christianity/Judaism/Islam
chart
 Identify 5 similarities between these three
major religions

How have religions spread??
Elements of Islamic Life
 Dietary
Laws (Halal) - no pork,
alcohol (article)
 Honor Parents
 Women cannot wear clothes that
bring attention to their body
 Traditional colors of the prophet =
green and white
Traditional Clothing
 men
= taqiyah
(Hadith)
 Women =
Hijab/veiling
According to the Hadith, "My Lord
agreed with me ('Umar) in three
things... (2) And as regards the
veiling of women, I said 'O Allah's
Apostle! I wish you ordered your
wives to cover themselves from the
men because good and bad ones talk
to them.' So the verse of the veiling
of the women was revealled"
(Bukhari, v1, bk 8, sunnah 395).
(http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahr
i/Veil.html)
Islam’s Zenith
Expansion of Islam
Spread beliefs and gain riches
 Arab armies launched Jihad (holy war)
– To defend Islam
– “Struggle within”
 732 Arabs conquer empire from Indus
river, to Atlantic Ocean
 Tolerance/ taxes on non-believers
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