Transcript SS7G12a,b - lfmsdevaney

SS7G12a,b
The student will analyze the
diverse cultures of the people who
live in Southern and Eastern Asia.
a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group
and a religious group.
• An ethnic group shares cultural ideas and
beliefs that have been a part of their
community for generations. May include:
language, religion, history, types of foods,
a set of traditional stories, beliefs, or
celebrations.
a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group
and a religious group.
• An religious group shares a belief system
in a god or gods, with a specific set of
rituals and literature. People from different
ethnic groups may share the same
religion, though they may be from different
cultures.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• One of the oldest religions in the world.
• Main religion of India
• Third largest religion in the world behind
Christianity and Islam
• Developed in India (much of it came from
the religion practiced by the Aryans, a
group who invaded from the north around
1500B.C.)
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• Worship of Aryan priests followed
complicated rituals and hymns known as
the Vedas of The Books of Knowledge.
• These prayers and rituals as well as other
Aryan beliefs led to the development of
Hinduism.
• Polytheistic (poly means many)
• All of the gods are part of a supreme spirit
named Brahman.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• Believe all living things (animals as well as men)
have souls.
• Some animals, like the cow, are sacred.
• Many Hindus are vegetarians ( eat no meat)
• All believe in reincarnation (the soul does not die
with the body, but enters the body of another
being, either a person or an animal.)
• Type of life a person led determines what the next
life will be like.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• A good person will have a better life.
• An evil person will suffer in his next life.
• A soul is reincarnated over and over again
until the life it leads is good enough to bring
it to be united with Brahman.
• Karma is an important part of Hinduism.
• Karma = belief that one’s actions determine
one’s fate.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• Hindus believe in a caste system (a belief
that social class is inherited and doesn’t
change throughout one’s life)
• The only way to change one’s caste is to be
born into another one in the next life.
• Indian social structure is very complicated
as there are several castes with divisions in
each one.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• Four Main castes:
1. priests and wise men, or Brahmans
2. warriors and rulers (Kshtriyas)
3. merchants, traders, and small farmers
(Vaisyas)
4. Sudras or peasants and field workers
A 5th caste is even lower- the untouchables or
pariahs, who do work no one else would do
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Hinduism
• Traditional families would not let their
children marry someone from a different
caste.
• Many jobs in India are still awarded on caste
connections.
• The government is working to make caste
divisions less important but change is slow.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Buddhism
• Also began in India- 6% of world’s population- 4th
largest religion- largest number of followers are in
Southern and Eastern Asia
• founded by Siddhartha Gautama, a rich young
man, about 500 B.C.
• Had a life of luxury, but was troubled by the
poverty and suffering around him
• Left his family, became a wandering monk hoping
to learn why people had to suffer
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Buddhism
• Quit wandering to sit, think, and meditate
about the unhappiness of man
• Thought he knew what needed to be done
• Believed people could find peace if they
rejected greed and desire
• Accepted Hindu belief in reincarnation and
karma, but rejected the caste system and
the need for priests.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Buddhism
• He was “Buddha” or “The Enlightened
One” to his followers.
• He taught there were Four Noble Truths
1. Life always brings pain
2. This suffering and sorrow is usually
caused by greed and the desire for material
things.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Buddhism
3. By giving up greedy desires, a person
could end the suffering and reach Nirvana,
a state of perfect peace
4. To achieve Nirvana a person needed to
follow The Middle Way
• The Middle Way was accomplished by
following what Buddha called the Eightfold
Path (8 rules for conduct)
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Buddhism
1. try to recognize the truth
2. try to avoid evil actions and bad people
3. do not say things that hurt others
4. respect other people and their belongings
5. choose a job that does no harm to others
6. do not think evil thoughts
7. avoid excitement or anger
8. work at meditation, thinking carefully about what
matters in life
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Buddhism
• Unselfishness is the key to everything.
• Buddha recognized no gods. Saw no need
for priests
• Man alone could change evil into good
• By following the Middle Way, ones soul
would eventually reach a state of perfect
peace
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Islam
• Second largest religion in the world. Only
Christianity has more
• Widely practiced in Southern and Eastern
Asia
• Began in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th
century AD with the teachings of the prophet
Muhammad.
• Gained followers rapidly in the years
following his death.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Islam
• Came to India in the 1500s AD when Muslim
armies swept into the country.
• They established the Mogul Empire that
ruled India for almost 200 years.
• Muslim conquerors treated the Hindus as
conquered people and introduced Islam as a
new religion.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Islam
• Five Pillars of Islam:
• Believe there is only one god and
Muhammad is his messenger
• Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
• Charity to the poor
• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
• Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a
person’s lifetime
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Islam
• Monotheistic
• No organized priesthood, but gather in
community mosques for prayer
• Muslims leaders for prayer and Muslim
scholars
• Quran- holy book- the actual word of God
handed down by the angel Gabriel
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Islam
• Muslims do not believe in the caste system
• Do not believe cows are sacred
• Have no rules against eating beef, although
many will not eat pork as they believe the
meat to be unclean
• Millions live in Southern and Eastern Asia
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Shinto
• Earliest religion of Japan
• Shintoism literally means the “way of the
gods”
• Centers on reverence for the kami, divine
spirits that Shinto followers believe live in
nature.
• Kami means superior
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Shinto
• These divine spirits are believed to live in
beautiful places, animals, and especially as
a person’s ancestors.
• Many Japanese believe some of the
mountains and rivers are the homes of
these kami, and these places are
considered sacred.
• Shintoism also stresses the virtue of
cleanliness.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Shinto
• Followers offer prayers and perform rituals
to please and honor the kami or spirits they
feel are special
• No elaborate philosophy in Shinto
• Religion does not stress life after death
• Most Japanese households have a small
alter where the family will offer prayers to
the spirits they hope will bless & protect
them.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Shinto
• Followers often create small beautiful
gardens- areas of quiet and reflection in
their crowded world.
• Shintoism once the state religion of Japan
• No longer the official religion, but still widely
honored among the Japanese
• Shinto has followers around the world, but
they’re few in number compared to other
major religions
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Confucianism
• Confucianism- thought of as a philosophy or
ethical system based on good deeds and
morality rather than a religion
• Confucius- one of the most important
scholars in Chinese history.
• Born around 550 BC when government was
having trouble keeping order and warlords
controlled much of the countryside.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Confucianism
• Confucius believed key to peace and social
order was for people to behave with good
character and virtue.
• Virtue= behaving fairly and with justice
toward others
• His Golden Rule of Behavior was “What
you do not like when done unto yourself, do
no unto others.” Sound familiar?
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Confucianism
• To Confucius a good ruler treated his people
fairly and was kind to them.
• He was not a religious prophet or leader
• Saw himself as a teacher
• Confucius believed there were five basic
relationships among men
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Confucianism
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
five basic relationships:
Ruler and subject
Father and son
Husband and wife
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
If each relationship was based on kindness,
there would be peace and harmony.
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Confucianism
• Wudi, the Han emperor in 121 BC declared
Confucianism to be the official guiding
practice for the Chinese government during
his reign.
• He hired Confucian scholars to be on his
government staff
• This philosophy had a continuing effect on
Chinese government for almost 2000 years
b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
Confucianism
• Many Chinese still believe this is the way to
behave even after the Communist takeover
in 1949.
• Many others in Southern and Eastern Asia
admire the teachings of Confucianism.
• Many historians see Confucianism as one of
the foundations of Chinese society.