Transcript Islam Section 2 - Kenston Local Schools

The Spread of Islam
Agenda
•Section 2 – The Spread of Islam continued
KEY VOCABULARY
• caliph
•Imams
•Sultan
• Abu Bakr
•Umar
•Sunni
•Shi’ah
•Sufi
•Rabi’ah al-’Adawiyah
•Tariq
• Moors
II. The Spread of Islam
A. Expansion under Abu Bakr and ‘Umar
1. After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr becomes caliph
– “successor to the prophet.
2. Islam begins to expand under his rule.
3. ‘Umar is next and continues expansion including
most of the Persian Empire and Iraq.
4. People were not required to convert to Islam – kept
their own religion – but had to pay extra taxes.
5. Accepted Christians/Jews as “People of the Book”.
6. Within 100 years – Muslims had control in parts of
India, most of North Africa, Mediterranean islands
and southern Spain.
7. Failed to conquer Constantinople.
II. The Spread of Islam (continued)
B.
The Islamic Community Divides
1. Dispute about how to choose new caliphs led to a
split in the Islamic community.
2. ‘Uthman – murdered – ‘Ali chosen to succeed him.
3. Mu’awiya disagrees leading to war.
4. ‘Ali – assassinated – Mu’awiya takes over.
a. Those who accept Mu’awiya’s leadership
become the Sunni (Sunna – way of the prophet)
b. ‘Ali’s followers want his successors to be caliph
– these become the Shi’ah.
c. Third group – Sufi develop later – mystics who
tried to live simple lives centered on God.
II. The Spread of Islam (continued)
C. The Empire continues to spread
1. Tariq – enters Spain crossing the Mediterranean at the Rock
of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq)
2. The Moors – Muslims who conquered and lived in Spain.
3. The Moors tried to take over France, but were defeated by
the Franks at the Battle of Tours (732 C.E.).
4. The Moors went back to Spain and ruled for more than 700
years.
5. Arab Muslims were dominant until the 1100s until the
Turkish speaking Muslims took over Islam and continued its
spread.
6. Turkish Muslims were warlike nomads focused on conquest.
7. They respected the caliph, but eventually power began to
shift to sultans (Turkish rulers).
8. 1000s C.E. Turks took over Baghdad, Syria, Mesopotamia,
Asia Minor and by the 1200s, controlled most of northern
India.
9. 1250s – the conquests of Turkish Muslims was slowed by
western Christians and Mongols.