Transcript Chapter 11: The Islamic World

Chapter 11: The Islamic World
Section 2: The Spread of Islam
Expansion of Islam
• Abu Bakr becomes
successor to
Muhammad
• Caliph- “successor to
the Prophet”
• Unites Arabic tribes
• Expands Islamic
influence northward
Umar
• Succeeds Abu Bakr as
caliph
• Strong leader with a
well-run government
• Muslim Empire
includes Syria, Persia,
and North Africa
Arab Policies
• Conquered with war and treaties
• Did not require people to convert to
Islam
– Accepted Christian and Jewish teachings
– Could choose to accept Islam or pay
extra taxes
– Some who refused to
convert were killed
Continued Expansion
• Within 100 years of Muhammad’s
death, Muslims controlled part of
India and much of North Africa
• Gained control of Mediterranean
islands for trade routes
• By A.D. 711 Muslims had entered
Spain and brought Islam to Europe
Division in the Islamic Community
• Disagreements about who should be
caliph
• Uthman (successor of Umar) was
murdered; Ali is chosen as successor
• Mu ‘awiyah (relative of Uthman)
accuses Ali of helping the killers
• War breaks out; Mu ‘awiyah becomes
caliph
Sunni
• Muslims who accepted Mu ‘awiyah as
caliph
• Followers of the Sunna; “way of the
Prophet”
• Believed that agreement among the
Muslim people should settle the
religious matter
Shi ‘ah
• Insist that descendants of Ali should be
caliph
• Imams - Ali’s descendants – should
decide religious and worldly matters
• The rift deepened when Mu ‘awiyah’s
descendents killed Ali’s son, Husayn
• The division still exists today; only 10%
of Muslims are Shi ‘ah
Sufi
• Simple lives centered around God
• Faith of God was the only mark of a
person’s worth
• Rabi ‘ah al- ‘Adawiyah- first
female Sufi mystic
• Poetry and writings still inspire
Muslims today
Pair-share
• What are the THREE major divisions of
Islam?
• What is a “caliph”?
• Where do Muslims have a large population?
• What are your options if you do NOT want
to convert to Islam?
Venn Diagram (tomorrow)
• Sunni and Shi’ah Islam are still strongly
against each other – causing many
problems in the modern world
• You will read a brief background
explaining Sunni and Shi’ah Islam
• When finished, you will fill out a Venn
Diagram examining the similarities and
differences between the two sects.
Empire Continues to Spread
• Berbers led a Muslim army to Spain
under Tariq
• Crossed between Africa and Europeknown as Jabal Tariq (Rock of
Gibraltar)
• Became known as the Moors;
ruled Spain for 700 years
The Turks and Islam
• 1100s Arab Muslim expansion ends
and Turks become ruling force in
Islam
• Turkish troops settle around
Baghdad, Iraq to serve the caliph
• Turks loyalty begin to shift to a
sultan- ruled the Turks; claimed to
serve the caliph
The Turks and Islam
• 1000s A.D. Turkish Muslims seized
Syria, Mesopotamia, and much of Asia
Minor
• Defeated Byzantines at the Battle of
Manzikert in 1071 A.D.
• 1250s A.D. Turkish Muslim expansion
slowed; Christians began to capture
cities in the West- Mongols destroyed
Baghdad in the East
Venn Diagram (tomorrow)
• Sunni and Shi’ah Islam are still strongly
against each other – causing many
problems in the modern world
• You will read a brief background
explaining Sunni and Shi’ah Islam
• When finished, you will fill out a Venn
Diagram examining the similarities and
differences between the two sects.