Transcript The Ottoman Empire - Moore Public Schools

Bell Ringer – 10/6/14
*Pick up a map and atlas
Think about this question!
1. Explain how religion can be used
to help strengthen people and an
empire?
Class discussion in 2 minutes.
Bell Ringer – 10/20/14
Step 1: Refer to your notes on the Rise of
Islam.
Step 2: Answer the following questions
using your notes.
Q 1: What was the major disagreement in
Islam after Muhammed’s death that lead to
the split in the religion?
Q 2: What are the 2 sects of Islam?
Q 3: What is a caliph?
What Led to the Spread of Islam?
Islamic
Cultural
Diffusion
and
Islamic Empires
Islamic Empires Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Muhammed
Muslim
5 Pillars
Koran
Caliph
Sunni
Shi’ite
Osman Bey
Anatolia
10. Ottoman Empire
11. Istanbul
12. Hagia Sophia
13. Sultan
14. Suleiman
15. Social Classes
16. Golden Age Accomplishments
17. Safavid Empire
18. Mughal Empire
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=OnDBTskOZik
The Spread of Islam. Prod.
Fabian-Baber. Fabian-Baber,
2006. Discovery Education. Web.
25 March 2012
The RISE OF ISLAM
Muhammad unified the Arabic people both
politically and through the religion of Islam
4 Reasons Islam Spread:
1. The Will of Allah – united Muslims
2. Divide and Conquer – Byzantine and Persian
Empires were weakened from fighting one
another
3. Fair Treatment – Muslim Rulers conquered
fairly, non-Muslims paid a special tax but could
practice freely
4. The Mighty Sword – Arabs were strong fighters
Why choose Islam?
1. Orthodox Christianity became identified
with the Greek culture which was foreign
to the life of Arabs
2. Zoroastrianism was associated with
Persian culture
3. The Byzantine and Persian empires were
considered oppressive and cruel
4. Allowed Arabs to have equal status
despite wealth
Death of Muhammed in 623
• Created confusion because he had no
successor
• Discussions led to his father-in-law Abu
Bakr becoming the first Caliph – “deputy”
• Caliphs – heads of state, chief judge,
religious leader, and military commander
• Next 3 Caliphs: Umar, Uthman, and Ali
• All were close friends of Muhammed
Split within Islam
• 2 sects developed after Muhammed’s
death
Sunnis
Shi’ites
90%
10%
Believed caliph(leader)
should be chosen by
Muslim leaders
Believed caliph(leader) had
to be a relative of
Muhammed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KLvjs7Yrtw
MECCA
Characteristics of Islamic society
• Strong commitment to monotheistic faith,
Five Pillars
• Development of overland and maritime
trade and communication routes
• Facilitated the spread of new crops, trade
goods and ideas
• Adopted various cultural traditions of
Persians, Indians, Christians, Judaism,
and Greeks
Ottoman Empire Origins
• Name came from
“Osman Bey”, a Turkish
leader of a western
Anatolian nomadic
group who began
expansionistic moves in
the 14th century.
• Gradually these
nomads took over
Anatolia and became
the border between
Islam and
Byzantine Christian
The Ottoman Empire
1453-1918
I. The Ottomans
1. Nomadic group of Turkish people.
2. Originally from central Asia.
3. Emerged as rulers of the Islamic world.
II. Ottoman Empire
1. The Fall of the Byzantine Empire
A. Ottomans capture Constantinople under
the leadership of Mehmed II (1453)
B. 6- week campaign of fighting
2. Controlled trade with Europe & Asia.
A. Made it difficult for Europeans to pass.
3. Conquered Egypt & North Africa.
4. United Muslims under one rule.
The Fall of Constantinople:1453
• Constantinople's location made it the natural
"middleman" center for both land and sea trade
between the eastern Mediterranean and central Asia,
possession of which would ensure immense wealth.
"
The Ottoman Capital – Constantinople
now renamed Istanbul
Hagia Sophia – Church of “Holy
Wisdom” – turned into a mosque
The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
Divans
Heads of
Individual
Religious Millets
Social / Military
Divans
Local Administrators
& Military
Landowners /
Tax Collectors
Muslims
Jews
Christians
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdWZvq4yvLU
Suleiman the Magnificent
1520-1566
I. The Rule of Suleiman
1. Muslim ruler from 1520-1566.
2. Named the “Lawgiver” in the East
because he revised the entire legal
system of the empire..
3. Established & enforced strict laws.
A. Based on the Koran.
B. Reconstructed the Ottoman
system of rule.
C. Personally instituted legislative
changes relating to society,
education, taxation, and criminal
law
Suleiman the Magnificent
1520-1566
II. Created a grand court and empire
A. Built palaces, mosques, schools,
libraries, roads, bridges, hospitals
B. Encouraged literacy, art, science
C. Encouraged conversion to Islam
D. Non-Muslims had to pay a special
tax
E. Had Coffee houses – drank coffee
and discussed political and
religious issues
Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566
III. Suleiman’s Social Class System
1. Citizens were organized into four
districts.
A. Men of the pen, sword, negotiation &
the fields.
– men of the pen” – lawyers, judges,
teachers, scientist, poets, artisans
– “men of the sword” – warriors, soldiers,
bodyguards (Janissaries)
– “men of negotiation” – merchants, tax
collectors, traders and merchants
– “men of fields” – farmers, pig herders
2. Higher citizens  special privileges.
3. Educated men held the highest rank.
The Golden Age of the Ottomans
Important advancements made in science, architecture &
literature.
Muslim Inventions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6SIcHMF9Y0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hospitals/Surgery
Algebra
Bicycle
Toothbrush
Universities
Glasses
Coffee
Flying Machine
The Islamic Empires 1500-1800
The Islamic Empires
1500-1800
• Three Islamic Empires dominate from
southern Europe to Northern India from
1500-1800
– Ottoman Empire (Southern Europe, Middle
East, North Africa)
– Safavid Empire (Persia)
– Mughal Empire (Northern India)
The Islamic Empires
1500-1800
• Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
– Based on military leadership of the ruler
– Devotion to Islam
– Based on nomadic traditions
– Power struggles within families
– Indirect influence of wives and concubines
The Islamic Empires
1500-1800
• Culture
– Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal rulers made
their capitals centers of culture and trade
• Mosques and palaces all over Istanbul,
Isfahan, and Delhi
• Capitals were a reflection of the rulers’
tastes
• Rulers hired architects and engineers and
incorporated elements of culture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wac0fyrfu_8
http://www.yout
ube.com/watch
?v=ppAQDPb8
DYM
Taj Mahal
“the jewel
of Muslim
art in India”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIyZpEFJID4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhH
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBB96mj2X38
The Islamic Empires1500-1800
• Decline in the 18th century
• Though these were powerful empires why did they
decline?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Due to lack of leadership – worked well when tolerant but all
rulers not tolerant and many were corrupt
Religious tension between Islam and Christianity
Cultural conservatism - saw trade very differently from
Europeans
One reason was they spent a lot of money fighting wars Decline in military technology
Resisted new developments in western technology and science
Spent enormous sums on monumental architecture to display
power
Power – Superficially external visible – Real power Hidden in
inner quarters