Transcript How quickly did this “expansion”

Aim: why did Islam spread to
many parts of the world as
quickly as it did during the
first few hundred years of its
existence?
Key
Early Life of Mohammed
• 570 CE: Born in Mecca
• Arabian Peninsula dominated by the
Byzantines, Persians, and Ethiopians.
• 595CE: At the age of twenty five marries a
wealthy forty year old widow named
Khadija.
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Questions
• When did Islam begin to expand out
of the Arabian Peninsula? When did
this expansion take place?
•
•
•
•
•
How quickly did this “expansion” happen?
What lands “came under the influence” of Islam?
Who did Arab Islamic armies conquer land from?
Who stopped the above Islamic expansion?
Why did Islam spread to many parts of the world as
quickly as it did during the first few hundred years of
its existence?
• 610CE: Received his first revelation from
God through the angel Gabriel.
• 620CE: Hijra (Migration from Mecca to
Medina) (Start of the Calendar) (615CE)
• 622CE: Medina (Yathrib) becomes the
capital of the Caliphate.
• 630CE: Mecca captured by Muslims.
• 632CE:Mohammed died.
Medina aka Yathrib
Mecca
Ridda Wars
• Abu Bakr of the Umayyad clan becomes
the Caliph after Mohammed’s death.
• Various other prophets and successors to
the prophet challenged Bakr’s authority.
• War: chaos in the Caliphate.
• Various Caliphs are assassinated.
• Eventually the Umayyads exert their
authority.
Shia and Sunni Islam (in terms of
political history)
• Shia believe that the Caliph must be a direct
relative or descendent of the family of
Mohammed.
• E.g.: Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son in law)
was the rightful Caliph after the death of the
prophet not Abu Bakr.
• Hussein, Ali’s son, led an uprising against the
Umayyads in 680CE. He and his followers were
massacred at the Battle of Karbala. Hussein is
now revered as a Shia saint.
• Umayyad’s rule the Caliphate.
Mosque and Shrine to Hussein ibn Ali, Karbala, Iraq
Mosque and Shrine to Hussein ibn Ali, Karbala, Iraq
BTW
Questions
•
When did Islam begin to expand out of the Arabian Peninsula? When did this
expansion take place?
• How quickly did this “expansion”
happen?
• What lands “came under the
influence” of Islam?
• Who did Arab Islamic armies conquer
land from?
•
•
Who stopped the above Islamic expansion?
Why did Islam spread to many parts of the world as quickly as it did during the
first few hundred years of its existence?
Islamic Expansion
• Rapid expansion led by Arab
military conquests.
• 641CE: “Fertile Crescent” and
Egypt conquered mostly from the
Byzantines.
• 651CE: All of Persia conquered.
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Red Dots with dates = battles
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654CE: All of North Africa except for
Morocco conquered.
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem.
Tunisia
669CE: Morocco falls to Arab
Islamic armies
• 711CE: Islamic armies begin the
conquest of Afghanistan.
710CE: Invasion of Spain
begins and by
718CE almost the entire Iberian
Peninsula is under Islamic control.
Questions
• When did Islam begin to expand out of the Arabian
Peninsula? When did this expansion take place?
• How quickly did this “expansion” happen?
• What lands “came under the influence” of Islam?
• Who did Arab Islamic armies conquer land from?
• Who stopped the above Islamic
expansion?
• Why did Islam spread to many parts of the world as
quickly as it did during the first few hundred years of
its existence?
717CE: The attempted capture of
Constantinople fails.
• 732CE: The Islamic invasion of France is halted at the
Battle of Tours by Charles Martel leader of the Franks.
Charles
Martel
Chop
Stab
Chop
Chop
Stab
711CE
5
800CE
6
3
Red Dots with dates = battles
?
13
7
800CE
1
10
Questions
• When did Islam begin to expand out of the Arabian
Peninsula? When did this expansion take place?
• How quickly did this “expansion” happen?
• What lands “came under the influence” of Islam?
• Who did Arab Islamic armies conquer land from?
• Who stopped the above Islamic expansion?
• Why did Islam spread to many parts
of the world as quickly as it did
during the first few hundred years of
its existence?
Fin
But wait… there’s
more… if you have time.
Ummayad vs. Abassid
Caliphate / Dynasty
• Abassid clan also related to Mohammed.
• Overthrew the Umayyads in 750CE,
massacred nearly all of them, and
controlled nearly all of the Islamic world
except for Spain.
• Moved the capital to from Damascus to
Baghdad.
• Ruled until 1258CE until Baghdad and
Abassid power destroyed by the Mongols.
Note that
the Umayyads
remained in
control of (parts
of) Spain until
1492.
BTW, know what the Arabs
called the French? It’s a word
derived from the word Frank.
Ferengi
(faranj, farangi) meaning Frank, then used
as a derogatory word for Europeans,
Christians and foreigners in general, …and
on Star Trek too.
Fin
Aim: why did Islam spread to
many parts of the world as
quickly as it did during the
first few hundred years of its
existence?
800CE
1
7
711CE
5
800CE
6
Red Dots with dates = battles
13
3
12
4
2
8
9
10
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Questions
• When did Islam begin to expand out of the Arabian
Peninsula? When did this expansion take place?
• How quickly did this “expansion” happen?
• What lands “came under the influence” of Islam?
• Who did Arab Islamic armies conquer land from?
• Who stopped the above Islamic expansion?
• Why did Islam spread to many parts of the world as
quickly as it did during the first few hundred years of
its existence?
Aim: why did Islam spread to
many parts of the world as
quickly as it did during the
first few hundred years of its
existence?
Fin