Transcript Diapositiva 1 - Belgrano Day School

By: Mariu Speroni, Juan Sosa and Luli Zin
City of Mecca
Arabia and the
Arabs
Government
and Economy
Meet
Mohammmed
Want to explore
Ancient Islam?
Get on my back,
let’s go for a
ride!
The Faith of
Islam
Culture and
Scholarship
The Turks
END
 Most of Arabia was a desertic
region with few vegetation.
 Arabs who live as nomads and were
organized in tribes were called
Bedouins. Each tribe had a chief called
“Sheik.”
However, coastal areas which had
greater vegetagion could support
sedentaries.
These Arabs devoted their life to
trade. The most important port was
the port of Jidda and the city of Mecca
was the starting point of Caravans.
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A child called Mohammed was in Mecca about 570. He was
orphaned at an early age, and became a caravan trader.
After meditating and deeply thinking about religion, he became
convinced that there was only one god whom he called Allah.
When he was 40, Mohammed had a religious experience. He
preached the Arabs religious purity. He didn´t claimed to have
supernatural powers, he called himself a prophet.
As Mohammed met opposition because of his beliefs , fearing for
his life, he escaped from Mecca to Medina.-event of Hegira meaning
“flight”. This is the first day of the Muslim (In the year 622).
While he was in Medina he converted many people. He returned
to Mecca and captured it. Making use of values he could make the
Bedouins convert to his religion. When Mohammed died by 632
almost all Arabia had accepted Allah.
Mohammed´s religious experience
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Mohammed new religion was called “Islam” (submission to God).
Islam’s main belief is that there is only one God (Allah) and Mohammed is
its prophet.
The Muslim’s sacred book Is the Koran (to recite). It was written in Arab.
There are 4 chief obligations for Muslim: 1- Pray 5 times facing Mecca. 2Make a pilgrimage at least once to Mecca. 3- Aid the needy people. 4- During
the month of Ramadan (September) fast every 24 hours.
Mohammed gave a lot of importance to these values: humility, justice,
generosity and tolerance.
The
Koran
If the Muslims felt threatened in their believes a holy war was declared.
This made the Islam expand easily.
The Islam has no religious symbols nor religious authorities (except for the
reciter in the ceremonies). The mosque is the holy place to pray.
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The caliph was the supreme authority who had political, social and military power.
First, the Islamic Empire was divided into provinces, but later it was divided into 3
caliphates: one in Bagdad, another one in Cairo, and the other one in Cordova, Spain
The Arabs were excellent traders and have developed a complex system of trade.
Manufacturing was stimulated by the demands of trade: the Empire produced a lot of
things.
The Arabs cultivated vegetables, fruits and crops.
Arabian
coin
Arabian
pottery
Arabian
carpet
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 The Arabs gathered knowledge from the Greeks, the Romans and
the Orient.
 As they learnt how to make paper, they were the first ones to write
about Maths, Geography, Medicine, etc.
 There were two important Muslim scientists: Rhazes and Avicenna.
They both wrote books about medicine which were used in the future.
 They perfected algebra and Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3…)
 The two main ways in which the Europeans got in touch with the
Muslims were when thee settled down in Spain and in the Crusades.
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Until 1300´s the Muslims were quite peaceful
with the people living in their Empire.
After that they were invaded by a group of
Turks called Ottoman.
The Ottomans conquered most of the Islamic
territories and that’s one of the reasons the
Byzantine emperor called for help to the
Christian Kings.
This fight between the Ottoman and the
Christian Kings is known as the Crusades. In
1453 Constantinople fell and became the
capital city of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman´s Empire symbol
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I hope you
enjoyed the
ride, see
you!
Sources:
http://www.englishworldwide.com/assets/images/idiomas_ALS-_030.jpg
http://www.tuswallpapersgratis.com/wallpaper/Dunas/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saudi_Arabia_map.png
http://www.duiops.net/seresvivos/galeria_camellos.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mohammed_the
_Prophet.jpg
http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/phrase/3142/Arabiancarpet.html
http://www.anythinganywhere.com/commerce/coins/coi
npics/ancgk-arabia.htm
http://www.justmorocco.com/pd_nomad.cfm
http://www.wonderquest.com/foiling-flats-arabicnumbers.htm
http://wasalaam.wordpress.com/2007/11/13/who-are-theottomans/
http://cornellreading.typepad.com/the_pickup/page/2/