Islam Spreads From Arabia
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Transcript Islam Spreads From Arabia
Islam Spreads From Arabia
Most
of the Arabian
peninsula is a desert
plateau.
The herders or Bedouins
lived as nomads.
Tribal leaders were called
sheiks.
Mecca was the start of the
caravan route to Syria.
Islam Spreads From Arabia
Muhammad the Prophet
Muhammad
was born in Mecca around
570 A.D. ( Caravan route)= (ideas)
He was raised as a Hanif or believer in
one god like the Hebrews.
When Muhammad was 40 he had a
religious vision of Gabriel telling to
preach the word of Allah or God.
Mecca’s rulers didn’t like Muhammad’s
preaching. Forced to flee. ( hijra)
Muhammad and Islam
Muhammad
goes to Medina on his hijra
and converts many to Islam.
He returns to Mecca and takes the city
and the holy shrine, the Ka’ba.
He destroys the many idols in the Ka’ba,
and it becomes the focal point of the
pilgrimage to Mecca.
By 632, Muhammad’s death, most of
Arabia had accepted Islam.
The Faith of Islam
The
central belief of Islam, “There is no
god but Allah and Muhammad is his
prophet.”
The Qur’an is the holy book of Islam.
Muhammad taught tolerance for the
religions of Christianity and Judaism.
The Qur’an is written in Arabic and
Muslims discourage translations.
This spread the Arabic language.
The Faith of Islam(cont)
Muslims
must meet five obligations. The
Five Pillars of Faith. Recite the words of
witness. There is no God but Allah and
Muhammad is his prophet.
Worship five times a day facing Mecca.
Give alms o the poor and needy.
Fast during Ramadan. The ninth month of
the Muslim calendar.
Try to visit Mecca on a pilgrimage.
The Faith of Islam(cont)
Islam
requires the virtues of temperance,
humility, justice etc. Drinking alcohol and
eating pork are forbidden.
Islam only allowed four wives per
husband. Slaves had to be treated
humanely.
Balal, Muhammad’s slave became the
first mu’zzin or the caller to prayer.
The jihad or defending the faith to the
death was sacred and a way to heavan.
The Faith of Islam(cont)
Muslim
mosques, or places of worship
have no pictures.There is no elaborate
ritual or priests.
Fridays at noon male Muslims gather for
prayer and worship. Women must
worship at home or seperately.
Abu Bakr was chosen in 632 as
Muhammad’s successor. The caliph or
successor to the prophet. Umar was the
next caliph. They fought to spread Islam.
The Spread of Islam
Conquered
people had three choices,
convert, pay tribute, or die.
Those that paid could keep their religion
but could not hold political office.
In less than 100 years Islam had spread
over most of the Mediterranean region,
northern Africa and parts of India.
The Berbers or Moors entered Europe in
Spain. Tariq conquered the Visigoths,
Muslims turned back at Tours in France.
Divisions in Islam
The
Sunnis believed there was no
intercessor between Allah and the
believer, except for the Qur’an.
The Shi’is believed that an imam or
spiritual and secular authority was the
true intercessor for Allah. The imam also
was the head of government.
The Sufis were Muslim mystics who led a
Spartan life and communicated directly
with Allah.