Transcript Chapter 10: Muslim Civilizations 622 – 1629

Unit 2: Regional Civilizations
730 BC – 1650 AD
• (Part 2: Chapters 10 - 12)
• The Middle Ages in Africa, the Middle East and Asia
Chapter 10: Muslim Civilizations
622 – 1629
• Chapter Focus: Who was Muhammad and how
did his teachings lead to the Rise of Islam?
S1: The Rise of Islam
• The religion of Islam emerged in the Arabian
Peninsula
• Muhammad, born in the town of Mecca in
570 AD, will become the founder of this major
world religion.
Muhammad Becomes a Prophet
• Muhammad is a business man who strives to live
honestly and is angered by greed.
• According to Muslim belief, while meditating in the
hills, an angel speaks to Muhammad and tells him he
is to be a messenger for God.
• Muhammad urges Arabs to refuse their worship of
many pagan gods, and to submit to the one true God,
Allah.
• The faith known as Islam begins. Islam is Arabic for ‘to
submit to God.’
• At first those in Mecca reject Muhammad, but in time
he will defeat his enemies, destroy the idols in the
Kaaba, and unite many Arabs under Islam.
Teachings of Islam
• The Quran: the sacred text of Islam
• The 5 Pillars of Islam
– Declaration of Faith
– Daily Prayer
– Alms for the Poor (Charity)
– Fast During Ramadan (Go without food)
– Hajj (travel to Mecca, Muhammad’s hometown)
• Sharia: Islamic System of Law
– Used to govern Muslim society
S2: Building a Muslim Empire
• Soon after Muhammad’s death in 632,
disagreements emerged among his followers.
• Shiites
– The next leader (Caliph) must be the actual
descendant of Muhammad’s daughter and son-inlaw
• Sunnis (the majority, even today)
– The next leader (Caliph) should be a ‘pious’
Muslim, or a Muslim who follows the teachings of
Islam well.
• Despite the divisions, Muslims successfully set out on
military campaigns to convert Arab tribes to Islam.
• Islam Spreads under the Umayyad and Abbasid Empires
(around 600’s to 1200’s AD)
– East into Asia
– West into Egypt, North Africa, and even Spain
Europe
Asia
Africa
S3: Muslim Civilization’s Golden Age
• Under the Abbasid Empire, Muslim civilization
absorbed traditions from many cultures, including
Jewish and Christian.
• Through contact in Spain and Italy, Christian
Europeans began to study Muslim philosophy, art,
and science.
• Muslim scholars also reintroduced
knowledge of Greco-Roman civilization
to later Europeans.
Social and Economic Advances
• Muslims Build an International Trade
Network
– Trade spreads products, technology, knowledge
and culture
• Manufactured Goods are Highly Valued
– A wealth of fine goods: swords, carpets, furniture
• Agriculture Thrives
– Farmers began to grow crops
from different regions
S4: India’s Muslim Empires
• The arrival of Islam brought changes to India. As
Muslims mingled with Indians, each civilization
absorbed elements from the other.
• Muslim conquest of northern India brings
disaster on Hindus and Buddhists at first, but
over time relations will become more peaceful.
S5: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
• While the Mughals ruled India, the Ottoman
and Safavids dominated the Middle East and
parts of Eastern Europe.
• The Ottoman Empire
– Nomadic people who migrated from central Asia
into Asia Minor and Eastern Europe
– In 1453, conquered Constantinople, absorbing
the Byzantine Empire
– The most powerful empire in both Europe and
the Middle East for centuries
– Sunni Muslims
The Safavid Empire
• United an empire in Persia, located between
the powers of Mughal India and the Ottoman
Empire
• Often engaged in warfare with the two powers
• Shiite Muslims
Ch 10 Review Questions
• What role did Muhammad play in the
founding of Islam?
• What are some important beliefs of Muslims?
• What’s the difference between Sunni and
Shiite Muslims?
• What were some social and economic
advances brought about by Muslim empires?
• Why is it significant that the Ottomans
conquered Constantinople in 1453?