Transcript Digit - Denton ISD

Digit
• The Symbols used to show numbers:
• 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Standard Form
• A number written with commas separating
groups of three digits starting from the right
• Ex: 2,000
Expanded Form
• A way to write a number that shows the place
value of each digit.
• Ex: 3,562 would look like:
• 3,000+500+60+2
Word Form
• A number written in words using place value.
• Ex: One Hundred and Forty Two = 142
Equivalent Decimals
• Decimals that name the same amount
• Ex. 0.7=0.70
Commutative Property of Addition
• The order of the addends can be changed and
the sum remains the same.
• Ex: 3+7=7+3
Associative Property of Addition
• Addends can be regrouped and the sum
remains the same.
• Ex: 1+(3+5)= (1+3)+5
Compatible Numbers
• Numbers that are easy to compute mentally.
Compensation
• Adjusting one number of an operation to
make computation easier and balancing the
adjustment by changing the other number.
• Ex: 48+17= 65 or 50+15= 65
Rounding
• A process that determines which multiple of
10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 etc. a number is closest
to.
Commutative Property of
Multiplication
• The order of factors can be changed and the
product remains the same.
• Ex: 3x5=5x3
Associative Property of Multiplication
• Factors can be regrouped and the product
remains the same.
• Ex: 2x(4x10)= (2x4)x10
Identity Property of Multiplication
• The Product of any number and 1 is that
number
• Ex: 100 x 1=100
Zero Property of Multiplication
• The product of any number and 0 is 0
• Ex: 2000 x 0= 0
Factors
• Numbers that are multiplied to get a product.
• Ex: 9 x 9 = 81
Product
• The number that is the result of multiplying
two or more numbers.
Multiple
• The product of a given whole number and any
other whole number.
Overestimate
• The result of using larger numbers to estimate
a sum or product. The estimate is greater than
the actual answer.
Underestimate
• The result of using smaller numbers to
estimate a sum or product. The estimate is
smaller than the actual answer.
Partial Product
• Products found by breaking one of the factors
into ones, tens, hundreds, and so on, and then
multiplying each of these by the other factor.
Dividend
• The number to be divided.
• Ex: 50/10=5
Divisor
• The number used to divide another number.
• 50/10= 5
Quotient
• The answer to a division problem.
Remainder
• In division, the number that is left after the
division is complete
Fraction
• A symbol such as 2/3, 5/1, or 8/5, used to
name a part of a whole, part of a set, a
location on a number line, or division of a
whole number.
Mixed Number
• A number that has a whole number part and a
fractional part
Improper Fraction
• A Fraction whose numerator is greater than or
equal to its denominator.
Benchmark Fractions
• Common fractions used for estimating such as
2/3 and 3/4
Equivalent Fractions
• Fractions that name the same part of a whole
region, length, or set.
• Ex: 1/3=2/6
Factor Pair
• A pair of whole numbers whose product
equals a given whole number.
Divisible
• A whole number is divisible by another
number if there is no remainder after dividing.
Prime Number
• A whole number greater than 1 that has
exactly two factors, 1 and itself.
Composite number
• A whole number greater than on that has
more than two factors.
Prime Factorization
• The process of writing a whole number as a
product of its prime factors.
Factor Tree
• A diagram that shows the prime factorization
of a composite number.
Common Factor
• A number that is a factor of two or more given
numbers.
Greatest Common Factor
• The greatest common factor( GCF) of two
numbers is the greatest number that is a
factor of both numbers.
Simplest Form
• A fraction is in simplest form when its
numerator and denominator have no common
factor other than 1.
Least Common Denominator (LCD)
• The least common multiple of the
denominators of two or more fractions.
Variable
• A letter, such as n, or a symbol that stands for
a number in an expression or equation.
Algebraic Expression
• A mathematical phrase involving a variable or
variables, numbers, and operations.
Equation
• A number sentence that uses an Equal sign to
show that two expressions have the same
value.
Line Segment
• Part of a line having two endpoints.
Ray
• A part of a line that has one endpoint and
extend forever in one direction.
Parallel Lines
• In a plane, lines that never cross and stay the
same distance apart.
Intersecting Lines
• Lines that pass through the same point.
Perpendicular Lines
• Two lines that intersect to form right angles.
Point
• An exact location in space.
Line
• A set of points that goes on forever in two
directions.
Plane
• An endless flat surface.
Angle
• Two rays that have the same endpoint.
Vertex
• The point where two rays meet in an angle.
Degree
• A unit of measure for angles.
Protractor
• An instrument used to measure and draw
angles.
Acute Angle
• An angle whose measure is between 0 and 90
degrees.
Right Angle
• An angle whose measure is 90 degrees.
Obtuse Angle
• An angle whose measure is between 90 and
180 degrees.
Straight Angle
• An angle whose measure is 180 degrees.
Polygon
• A closed plane figure made up of line
segments.
Regular Polygon
• A polygon that has sides of equal length and
angles of equal measure.
Triangle
• A polygon with three sides.
Quadrilateral
• A polygon with four sides.
Pentagon
• A polygon with five sides.
Hexagon
• A polygon with six sides.
Octagon
• A polygon with eight sides
Equilateral Triangle
• Triangle whose sides all have the same length.
Isosceles Triangle
• A triangle with two sides of the same length.
Scalene Triangle
• A triangle in which no sides have the same
length.
Right Triangle
• A triangle in which one angle is a right angle.
Acute Triangle
• A triangle whose angles are all acute angles.
Obtuse Triangle
• A triangle in which one angle is an obtuse
angle.
Parallelogram
• A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite
sides parallel.
Trapezoid
• A quadrilateral that has exactly one pair of
parallel sides.
Rectangle
• A parallelogram with four right angles.
Rhombus
• A parallelogram with all sides the same length
Square
• A rectangle with all sides the same length.
Solid Figure
• A figure that has three dimensions and takes
up space.
Cube
• A solid figure with six flat surfaces called faces.
All the faces are squares.
Face
• A flat surface of a polyhedron.
Edge
• A line segment where two faces meet in a
solid figure.
Vertex
• The point where three or more edges of a
solid figure meet.
Prism
• A solid figure with two congruent parallel
bases and faces that are parallelograms.
Cylinder
• A solid figure with two circular bases that are
congruent and parallel.
Cone
• A solid figure with one circular base, the
points on the circle are joined to one point
outside the base.
Pyramid
• A solid figure with a base that is a polygon and
whose faces are triangles with a common
vertex.
Net
• A plane figure which, when folded, gives the
original shape of a solid.
Generalization
• A general statement that can be made about
something.
Coordinate Grid
• A grid that makes it easy to locate points in a
plane by using an ordered pair of numbers.
X-axis
• The horizontal axis in a graph or coordinate
grid.
Y-axis
• The vertical axis in a graph or coordinate grid.
Origin
• The point at which the x- axis and the y-axis of
a coordinate plane intersect. The origin is
represented by the ordered pair (0,0).
Ordered Pair
• A pair of numbers used to locate a point on a
coordinate grid.
X-coordinate
• The first number in an ordered pair.
Y-coordinate
• The second number in an ordered pair.
Trend
• The general upward or downward direction of
the data on a graph.
Data
• Collected information.
Line graph
• A graph that connects points to show how
data changes over time.
Table of x- and y- values
• A table used to show how x and y relate.
Linear equation
• An equation whose graph is a straight line.
Translation
• A change in the position of a figure that moves
it up, down, or sideways.
Reflection
• The change in position of a figure that gives
the mirror image of the figure.
Rotation
• The position of a figure that moves it around a
point
Congruent Figures
• Figures that have the same size and shape
Transformation
• A move such as a translation, reflection, or
rotation that does not change the size or
shape of a figure.
Pentomino
• An arrangement of five Identical squares in a
plane. The squares must be attached to one
another edge toe dge.
Meter (m)
• A metric unit of length equal to 100
centimeters.
Centimeter (cm)
• A metric unit of length equal to 1 meter.
Millimeter
• A metric unit of length. 1,000 millimeters
equal 1 meter.
Kilometer (km)
• A metric unit of length equal to 1,000 meters.
Perimeter
• The distance around the outside of any
polygon.
Formula
• A rule that uses symbols.
Area
• The amount of surface a figure covers.
Base of a polygon
• The side of a polygon to which the height is
perpendicular.
Height of a polygon
• The length of a segment from one vertex of a
polygon perpendicular to the base.
Volume
• The number of cubic units needed to fill a
solid figure.
Cubic unit
• A cube 1 unit on each edge used to measure
volume.
Capacity
• The volume of a container measure in liquid
units.
Quart (qt)
• A customary unit of capacity equal to two
pints or one-forth of a gallon.
Pint (pt)
• A customary unit of capacity equal to two
cups or one-half of a quart.
Gallon (gal)
• A customary unit of capacity equal to four
quarts.
Cup (c)
• A customary unit of capacity equal to eight
fluid ounces or one-half pint.
Fluid ounce (fl oz)
• A customary unit of capacity equal to two
tablespoons. Eight fluid ounces equal one cup.
Millimeter (mL)
• A metric unit of capacity equal to 0.001 liters.
Liter (L)
• A metric unit of capacity equal to 1,000
milliliters.
Weight
• A measure of how light or how heavy
something is.
Mass
• The measure of the quantity of matter in an
object.
Milligram (mg)
• A metric unit of mass equal to 0.001 gram.
Gram (g)
• A metric unit of mass equal to
1,000milligrams.
Kilogram (kg)
• A metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams.
Ounce (oz)
• A customary unit of weight. 16 ounces equal 1
pound.
Pound (lb)
• A customary unit of weight equal to 16
ounces.
Ton (T)
• A customary unit of weight equal to 2,000
pounds.
Elapsed Time
• The difference between two times.
Fahrenheit
• The measurement of the temperature in the
customary system.
Celsius
• The measurement of temperature in the
metric system.
Survey
• A question or questions used to gather
information.
Data
• Collected information
Sample
• The representative part of a larger group.
Line Plot
• A table that uses Xs to show how many times
a response occurs.
Frequency table
• A table used to show how many times
something occurs.
Bar Graph
• A graph that uses bars to show data.
Scale
• A series of numbers at equal distances along
an axis on a graph
Interval
• The difference between adjoining numbers on
an axis
Picture graph
• A graph that uses pictures or symbols to
compare data that can be counted. Each
picture represents a certain amount of data.
Mean
• The sum of all the numbers in a set of data
divided by the number of numbers in the set.
Average
• The number found by adding all the data and
dividing by the number of data. It is also called
the mean.
Median
• The middle number in an ordered set of data.
Mode
• The data value that occurs most often in a set
of data.
Range
• The difference between the largest value and
the smallest value in a data set.
Tree diagram
• A diagram used to organize outcomes of an
experiment.
Sample Space
• The set of all possible outcomes of an event.
Probability
• A number that describes the chance an event
will occur. The probability of an event is the
ration of favorable outcomes to the total
number of favorable outcomes.
Equally likely outcomes
• Having the same chance of occuring.
Prediction
• A statement about an event in the future.