Transcript Pregnant Mother Infant and Childhood Nutrition

Pregnant Mother
Infant and Childhood
Nutrition
Pregnancy
• Calorie adjustments for
pregnancy are needed to
support growth of the fetus.
• 300 extra calories/day during
the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
Pregnancy
• Generally add one extra
serving from each of the
food groups.
• Protein needs are about 10
extra grams/day to
support growth and
development.
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
• 1 lb/month during
the first three
months and about 1
lb/week
thereafter for a
total of about 25 35 lb.
Special Vitamin and Mineral needs
during pregnancy
• Folate –
– is involved in blood production and cell
growth.
– Deficiencies have been associated
with neural tube defects.
– Supplementation is recommended
for pregnancy at 400 micrograms/day
during child-bearing years.
Food sources of Folate
Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron
• Vitamin D 10 micrograms/day
non pregnant adult RDA = 5
micrograms
Calcium – 1200 -1500 mg/day
non pregnant adult RDA = 1000 mg/day
Iron – 30mg/day instead of
15 mg/day
You can encourage young
children to eat a variety
of foods by…..
Preschool children should
be offered a snack
when….
The kind of snacks that
should be offered to
preschool childre
include…..
Infant Nutrition
• Breastfeeding, (preferred and
recommended), or formula supply
nutrients for the infant.
• Start to introduce solid foods at
about 6 mths.
• Energy needs start at about 1000
cal/day at age one and increase
gradually (100 calories per year)
to about 2000 cal at age 10.
Childhood Nutrition
• Children’s eating
patterns are sporadic
and usually follow periods
of rapid growth.
• After the age of one, a
child’s growth rate slows
and with it, the appetite;
Preschool Children
• Sweets should be limited in a preschool
child’s diet; nutrient-rich foods can be
used to satisfy hunger.
• Children develop tastes for certain foods
at an early age.
• The eating habits and attitudes children
learn are likely to last a lifetime.
• It is important to start healthy
• eating habits early.
Some suggestions to help encourage
young children to eat a variety of
foods are:
• Invite a friend to eat; you’ll be amazed how
much they eat when their friends are
eating.
• When introducing a new food, refer to it as
a grown-up food. Serve it to the child only
if he or she requests it after seeing how
much you enjoy it.
• Serve young children’s
meals on their own
small-sized dishes. Give
them tiny servings, so
they can have
satisfaction of eating
everything on the plate.
Some suggestions to encourage young
children to eat a variety of foods
are:
•
•
•
Serve finger foods often. Children like to
choose from a variety of foods, as in a
buffet.
Children will usually eat the foods they
have helped prepare.
Vary meal situations - picnic in front of the
fireplace, park, etc.
• Children usually prefer raw vegetables
to cooked.
• Avoid making dessert a reward for
vegetable eating.
• Relax and let mealtime be a time for
everyone to enjoy.
• Use snacks to improve food habits.
Some children need
snacks
• Some children have the
capacity to go easily from
one meal to the next
without hunger.
• Others actually
experience real hunger
within two to three hours
after eating, especially if
they are growing rapidly.
• If no nutritious snack is offered, this
hunger may eventually be satisfied by
soft drinks, candy, or other nonnutritious food.
• Timing is important; a snack should be
offered when children are hungry but
not so close to mealtime that it spoils
their appetites for the next meal.
Children
• Serving sizes/ portions for
children are SMALLER
than adults. Generally, 1
TBSP. of a variety of
foods per year of age.
• Children need a VARIETY
of nutrient-dense foods in
small amounts,
FREQUENTLY.
• Expose children to new
foods one at a time, not
all at ONCE.
• Children’s taste buds
are very SENSITIVE.
• Avoid SWEET foods as
snacks.
• Make foods interesting
and inviting for children;
color, texture, shape,
size and temperature
Children Menu and Aesthetic Values
Menu week: _____
Food
Item
Pan Cake
Or. Juice
Sausage
Choc Milk
Toast
Color
Day of the Week: _______
Textur Size
e
Shape
Temp.
Brown
Orange
Brown
Brown
Brown
Summary: Color is mostly brown; more colors could be
used. Texture is all soft; something crunchy should be
added.
Planning ahead
• Means deciding which of the
nutrients you want to provide.
• Have nutritious snacks down at their
level so they can get to them easily.
Snacks can supplement
meals
• Add protein
• Add Vitamin C and A
• Raw vs cooked
Make eating FUN
• Children like to feed themselves
just like everything else.
• Shape food in unique ways with
cookie cutters.
• Draw or make faces