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EXPOSITORY, FUNCTIONAL, AND PERSUASIVE TEXT EXPOSITORY TEXT (REVIEW) Expository text = Non-fiction text What is expository text? A non-fiction text that explains something. For example an event in history, a discovery in science, how to solve a math problem, day-to-day procedures. The main purpose of expository text is to inform or describe What is non-fiction? Non-fiction means not fake. It is factual. TYPES OF EXPOSITORY TEXT Description- main idea and detail Sequence of Events- series of events that leads up to one conclusion. What else do we call sequence of events? Chronological Order- time order of events Logical order- most efficient order of events Compare/Contrast- describes how two or more events, places, characters, or other ideas are similar and or different in several ways TYPES OF EXPOSITORY TEXT Cause/Effect-involves several reasons why an event occurred, or several effects from a cause, and of course, single cause/effects situation. Problem/Solution- authors use this technique to identify the problem, give possible solutions with possible results and finally, the solution that was chosen. Classification- I want you to come up with a definition. Analogy- identify the relation between two ordered pairs Example~ hand: palm :: foot: _________ Answer~ hand: palm :: foot: sole FUNCTIONAL TEXT What is functional text? Text you see and use everyday Give Examples of informational text that we see and use everyday. PERSUASIVE TEXT What is persuasive text? Text that is designed to move or sway the reader/listener through the use of argument and/or entreaty, whether to change the reader's opinion or to rally support for a cause or belief. Examples of persuasive text seen daily? Ads/Commercials Editorials/Opinion pieces RHETORIC What is rhetoric? The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. Skill in using language effectively and persuasively. What does that mean to you? Potential answer: using language that actually has the ability to make people change their opinion RHETORIC- ETHOS Ethos-Ethos is an ethical appeal or an argument from the author's credibility I now want you to create a student friendly definition for ethos Potential answer: the author's authority RHETORIC- PATHOS Pathos- means of persuasion that elicits a strong emotional response from the audience. I now want you to create a student friendly definition for pathos Potential answer: emotional appeal in persuasive writing. RHETORIC- LOGOS Logos- Logos is an appeal from logical reasoning I now want you to create a student friendly definition for pathos Potential answer: appeals to the reader's logic LOGICAL FALLACIES What is a logical fallacy? Dictionary definition: A logical fallacy is, roughly speaking, an error of reasoning. When someone adopts a position, or tries to persuade someone else to adopt a position, based on a bad piece of reasoning, they commit a fallacy. That is fine and dandy, however, I think we can come up with something that works for us. Work with your tables to create a student friendly definition for logical fallacies LOGICAL FALLACIES~ CIRCULAR REASONING Falsely arguing that something is true by repeating the same statement in different words Example: "Only an untrustworthy person would run for office. The fact that politicians are untrustworthy is proof of this." LOGICAL FALLACIES~ FALSE CAUSALITY An event or action influences another that is not reasonably related. Example: " We were robbed right after that family moved in, so they must be the culprits." LOGICAL FALLACIES~ OVERGENERALIZATION The stupid but common fallacy of incorrectly applying one or two examples to all cases Example: A teenager has causing trouble in the community lately: vandalizing the park and shoplifting. This proves that all teenagers are trouble-makers and should not be allowed out of their homes until they are twenty -five LOGICAL FALLACIES~ OVERSIMPLIFICATION The fallacy of deceiving an audience by giving simple answers or slogans in response to complex questions, especially when appealing to less educated or unsophisticated audiences. Example: "If the glove doesn’t fit, you must vote to acquit." This was used to acquit OJ Simpson of murder in 1995. LOGICAL FALLACIES~ SELFCONTRADICTION Advancing an argument that is self-contradictory, or that is based on mutually inconsistent premises Example: A used car salespersons says, "Hey, you can’t trust those other car salesmen. They’ll say anything to get you to buy a car from them."