Transcript India powerpoint guidedx

Ancient India
Geography
• The geography of India includes high
mountains, great rivers, and heavy
seasonal rain.
Geography
• India is a subcontinent. Which is a large
landmass that is smaller than a continent
• The mountains of northern India are called
the Himalayas
• Over time, the Indus River Valley became ideal
for farming. Which of the following events
took place first? Heavy snows fell in the
Himalayas.
Geography
Geography
• India’s monsoons are seasonal. Which means
The monsoons occur in a regular pattern
• Civilizations arose around the
seasonal rainfall.
Geography
• Civilization in India began the Northern
Region with the great rivers and fertile land.
Geography
• The highest mountains in the world separate
India from the rest of Asia. They are known as
the Himalayas.
• The Himalayas are the northern part
of India.
• In the West are the Hindu Kush
which provides protection from
enemies.
Indus River Valley.
• Population grew in the Indus River
Valley.
• Growth came as irrigation and
farming techniques improved.
• Cities were built as surplus food was
produced.
Indus River Valley.
• Two cities that developed were
Harrapa & Mohenjo Daro
Indus River Valley.
• Both Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were wellplanned cities that grew in the Indus River
Valley. They were intelligent and talented.
• Because Indian farmers learned how to
irrigate crops ,villages grew along the rivers.
Indus River Valley.
• Indus Valley people were able to build their
cities because they paved roads and built mud
brick houses
• Scholars do not know why Harappan
civilization ended.
Invaders from the West
• When the Harappan civilization
dissipated in 1700 BC, Central Asians
called Aryans began taking over
territory.
Indian Society
• Unlike tha Harappan system of government, The
Aryan system was based mostly on family
connections
• Oral tradition in religion and mythology
resulted in the most important
language of ancient India: Sanskrit.
• Aryans wrote their poems and hymns in a
language called Sanskrit
Indian Society
• Aryans believed that the most important thing
in life was warfare Aryans fought each other
nearly as often as they fought outsiders.
Indian Society
• The Aryans began to farm, so they stayed in
one place and abandoned their nomadic
lifestyle.
Indian Society
• Indian society divided into distinct groups under the
Aryans.
• The Aryans practiced a religion known as
Brahmanism.
• Hinduism developed out of Brahmanism and
influences from other cultures.
• The highest class in Aryan society was Brahmins
• Hindus believe that all of their gods are part of a universal
spirit called Brahman.
Indian Society
• The Aryans developed a system of social class
known as the caste system which divided
people into castes or groups according to
their occupation.
Indian Society
• Hindus believe that each person has a soul.
The soul did not die with the body but instead
was reborn again in another body that was
called reincarnation.
Hinduism
• The followers of Hinduism are called Hindus.
• Hindus worship many gods. But they believe
those gods are part of a supreme of highest
spirit called Brahman.
• Hindus believe people become joined forever
with Brahman through a process called
Reincarnation
India and Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama was born in India around
563 B.C. and he began his search for the truth
about human suffering.
• Much of what we know about Siddhartha comes
from Buddhist writings.
• The Buddha’s teachings were influenced by other
religions because He searched for truth by
studying with teachers of Hinduism but never
found his answers.
India and Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama most concerned with
helping people worship God on a daily basis
• The guiding principles at the heart of Buddhism
are called the Four Noble Truths.
• many people from lower social classes to
supported the Buddha’s teachings because the
Buddha opposed the caste system.
Indian Empires
• Candragupta Maurya was a military leader
who founded the Maurya Empire. He was able
to set up a strong central government for the
empire.
Indian Empires
• Chandragupta’s grandson,Asoka, one of
the most powerful kings in India,
became a Buddhist and spread
Buddhism in India and foreign lands.
• one effect of Asoka Maurya becoming a Buddhist
was that he swore to not fight any more wars.
• He called for religious toleration
Indian Empires
• Asoka built monasteries all over
India and sent missionaries across
Asia to spread Buddhism.
• People who work to spread religious beliefs
are called missionaries
•
Gupta Empire
• After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, India
remained primarily Buddhist for 500 years.
• Under the rule of Candra Gupta I, India
became unified and prosperous again.
Gupta Empire
• The first Gupta emperor was Candra Gupta I
• The Gupta Empire was a time of peace and
prosperity. And a time of many achievements
in art and mathematics.
• For example:The Indians created a new
number system that was a base 10 number
system.
Indian Achievements
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzOKUTJ
K8Wc&feature=youtu.be
Fall of Gupta Empire
• What happened to the Gupta Empire?
1. Invaders from central Asia called the Huns
attacked India
2. The central government of the empire had
broken down
3. India eventually divided into many separate
kingdoms.