Transcript File - AP WORLD HISTORY

1. Identify geographic factors - the Indus and Ganges
rivers, the Himalayas, and the Khyber pass.
2. Identify key terms: Indo-Europeans, Aryans, Caste
system.
3. Explore the contributions of the first Indian civilizations
at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
4. Explore the accomplishments of the Hittites and the
Indo-European/Aryan invaders.
5. Students will learn to read a migration chart and a
language chart.
•Ganges river – forms
a fertile farming
valley.
•Indus river- farming
region that produces
wheat.
•Climate is impacted
by monsoons.
•The two key
mountain chains
are:
• Hindu Kush –
this includes the
Khyber Pass
• Himalayashighest
mountains in the
world.
Greek
Balto-Slavik
Slavik
Baltic
Indo-Iranian
Hittite
Armenian
Indic
Iranian
Persian
Polish
Latvian
Hindi
Czech
Lithuanian
Urdu
Russian
Punjabi
Ukrainian
Bengali
Macedonian
Germanic
Celtic
Danish
Swedish
Breton
Norwegian
Welsh
English
Dutch
Afrikaans
German
Irish Gaelic
Scottish
Gaelic
Italic
Latin
French
Portuguese
Spanish
Italian
Romanian
Kurdish
•India’s 1st
civilizations.
•Populations of
35,000-40,000.
•Carefully planned
and developed.
Images of ancient MohenjoDaro.
•Advanced drainage
and sewage systems.
•Rulers were both
the religious and
political leaders.
•Palace and
temple combined
in the Citadel or
fortress.
Streets in Mohenjo-Daro
•Believed in many gods
and goddesses.
•Most important were
the gods of fertility and
the harvest.
Shiva and Mother Parvati
•Strong farming
regions near the Indus
that produced wheat,
barley and peas.
What does it mean to
migrate?
•Anatolia was their capital,
and they also controlled the
ancient city of Babylon
•Spoke the Babylonian
language – Akkadian.
•Adopted the Babylonian
culture
Map showing the extent of
the Hittite empire. Courtesy
Wikipedia commons.
•Ruled for 450 years
•Legal code was more
lenient than
Hammurabi’s code.
•Iron chariots and
weapons of iron gave
them an edge.
Hittite soldiers above.
•Negotiated an alliance or
treaty with the Egyptians.
•The Vedic Period - 15001000 BC- Invaders
breached the Khyber Pass
in the Hindu Kush Mtns.
•Conquered the Indus
valley region of India.
•War-like and pastoral
people.
•Aryan Kings or
Leaders were called
“Rajas” –
(“princes”)
An Indian Raja and Princess.
•India was made of
warring kingdoms
and shifting
alliances.
•Iron tools – plow, etc,
made them good
farmers.
•They produced: rice,
wheat, barley, millet.
•Spices included:
cinnamon, pepper, and
ginger.
•Writing – Sanskrit
•Top works include:
The Vedas - A
collection of hymns
that form the
foundation of the
religion of Hinduism.
Selections from the Rig Veda above,
courtesy Wikipedia Commons.
•The dominant religion in
the region is Hinduism
which was brought in by
the original Aryan
invaders.
•With the birth of
Siddhartha Gautama
(Buddha) in 600 BC, the
religion of Buddhism was
also introduced in India.
•Aryans brought with
them a strong oral
tradition, and religion.
•These became the
foundation for the religion
of Hinduism.
•They established a social
institution and class
system – caste system.
Impact of the Caste
System
•Position in society based
on skin color.
•Occupation, and
economic status are
determined by your caste.
•This will also determine
who you marry.
1. Brahmins – priests
2. Kshatriyas – rulers and warriors
3. Vaishyas – artisans and traders
4. Shudras – laborers and servants
•You are born into a caste for life.
•It determines: who you will marry,
the job you will have, and the
people you are allowed to associate
with.
•Higher castes are concerned with
ritual purity.
The lowest social class were known as untouchables
because they did the dirtiest work that was considered
unclean and impure. They were butchers,
gravediggers, and trash collectors.
•Patriarchal – men are
educated and allowed to
inherit.
A Hindu widow
commits sati
above.
A Rajput girl –
right.
•Women - no status, and
daughters were an
financial drain. (Dowry).
•Suttee – wife throws
herself onto the pyre of
her dead husband.
•After 400 B.C., India
faced new threats from the
west–first from Persia,
Greece, and Macedonia,
under Alexander the Great
in 327 B.C.
Extent of Mauryan Empire
under Asoka
•Alexander left quickly,
but his invasion gave rise
to the first Indian dynasty.
•One of the most influential
leaders of India for all times,
was the 3rd century B.C.
Mauryan ruler, Asoka.
Asoka Maurya above. Image
courtesy of Wikipedia
Commons.
•During the reign of Asoka,
Buddhism spread to
different parts of the world,
and large parts of India
were united for the first
time.
•500 years passed before
Chandragupta, a local
prince, established a new
kingdom in 320 A.D.
Coin of the Gupta king Kumara
Gupta I. Image courtesy of
Wikipedia Commons.
•Arts and sciences
flourished, and the Gupta
period would later be
called India’s Golden Age.
•Guptas created a new age of Indian
civilization, especially under
Chandragupta II, who ruled from
375 to 415.
•A Chinese Buddhist monk named
Faxian spent several years in
northern India, and he admired the
Gupta rulers, their tolerance of
Buddhism, and the region’s
economic prosperity.
Chinese Buddhist monk
Xuanzang came India in the time
of Gupta Empire
Aryabhata
• Aryabhata was the Gupta
Empire’s most famous
mathematician.
• He was one of the first
scientists known to have
used algebra.
• Indian mathematicians
also introduced the
concept of zero.
• They traded salt, cloth,
and iron domestically and
as far away as China and
the Mediterranean.
Trade in the ancient world
brought many cultures and
kingdoms together. Silk road was
4,000 miles.
• In the fifth century A.D.,
invasion by nomadic
Huns from the northwest
weakened the empire.
•Babur was the leader
of the Mughal Empire.
It was the last great
native ruling family in
India prior to the
British takeover in
1757.
Map showing the expansion of
territory under the Moguls.
Courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
•The Mughals or
Moguls were Islamic
and very warlike.
•“Poetry in marble.”The
most famous tomb in the
world.
•Built in 1631-38 AD by
Mughal Emperor Shah
Jahan in honor of his
beloved wife.
•She asked him “to build a
tomb in her memory such
as the world had never seen
before.”
1. Name the two rivers that supported the first
civilizations in India.
2. Describe what could be found in MohenjoDaro.
3. What key contribution do we get from the
Aryans?
4. What is the caste system?
5. What two religions came out of this culture?