Transcript Hinduism and Buddhism Develop

Hinduism and Buddhism Develop
1/5th of the world practice
either Hinduism or Buddhism
P. 296 Comparison chart
Origins of Hinduism
 Collection of
religious beliefs that
developed slowly
over time
 No one founder w/ a
single set of ideas
 One of the oldest
religions
Key Beliefs
 Each person has “atman”-
soul
– After many lives it will unite w/
all others in Brahman (world
soul)
 Reincarnation
 Karma
– Deeds that a person engages in
over one or more lifetimes
 Moksha
– Enlightenment or freed from
earthly desires
Gajendra’s Moksha
Gods
 Brahma
-The creator
 Vishnu
-The preserver of the universe
-Krishna
-The cowherder
 Shiva
-The destroyer
MANY GODS-Choose god to
worship
Hindu Gods
Brahma –The Creator
Vishnu-The Protector
•Takes on many personalities
or forms
Ex. Krishna –Divine cowherder
or Rama-Perfect King
Shiva-The Destroyer
•Foot crushes the
“demon of ignorance “
Sacred Literature
 The Vedas
– Four collections
– Oldest of any major
religion
– Most important is the Rig
Veda
Contains 1,028 hymns
to Aryan gods
 Upanishads
– Dialogues between
teacher and student about
obtaining moksha
“He who gives liberally
goes straight to the
gods; on the high ridge
of heaven he stands
exalted.”
Rig Veda 1.125.5
Effects on Society
 Karma & reincarnation
strengthened the caste
system
 Dominates daily life
– What you eat and how
ate it
– Personal cleanliness
– People with whom you
associate
– How you dressed
Modern Day Traditions
 Free to choose 3 paths and own deity to achieve
“moksha” (right thinking, right action, religious
devotion)
 Sacred “OM” or “AUM”
 Swastika=good fortune, luck , and well-being
 More Hindus than Buddhists in the world today
Worship at Temple or shrine
Ganges River is Sacred
Swastika
 Unfortunately, the swastika
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symbol is best known to
most westerners as a Nazi
symbol.
For the past 3,000 years it
represented life, sun, power,
strength, and good luck.
Common symbol in India
Considered extremely holy
by all Hindus
Regularly used to decorate
all sorts of items to do with
Hindu culture.
It can be seen on the sides
of temples and on religious
scripture to gift items and
letterhead.
Hindu symbol
Nazi Symbol
The Reichstag when Hitler took office.
March 21, 1933
Jainism
 Everything has a soul and should not
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be harmed
Tolerance and non-violence (see
symbol at right)
Work in trade/commerce
Have monks who carry feather whisks
to brush their paths rather than step on
any tiny creature
Founder: Mahavira
Believe we can know only part of the
truth
Today: fewer than 5 million followers;
tend to be members of upper middle
class
Buddhism
 Siddhartha Gautama
 Sought to end human
suffering
 Achieved enlightenment
and became the Buddha
 What were some of the
ways in which Siddhartha
Gautama was predicted to
be a Buddha?
Beliefs
 4 noble truths (p. 69)
 Reincarnation
 Eightfold path to
attain enlightenment or
nirvana
– Right views,
resolve, speech,
conduct, livelihood,
effort, mindfulness,
concentration
 Why is the Eightfold Path called the
Middle Way?
 It avoids the extremes of selfindulgence.
Gods
 The Buddha did not teach a personal
diety.
Sacred Literature
 Teachings of Buddha
 Commentaries, rules of monastic life,
meditation manuals, legends
 Examples of the middle way
– Do not harm any living thing
– Do not steal
– Take only what is given
– Do not say unkind things
– Do not take alcohol or drugs.
Effects on Society
 Rejects the caste system
 Has religious communities
of monks and nuns
 Spread to Burma,
Thailand, Sumatra, Korea,
Japan, Sri Lanka, SE Asia
and China through trade
 Pilgrimages to spots
associated with Buddha’s
life
Modern Traditions
 Buddhist monks take vows of poverty,
be nonviolent, and not marry
•Monks with their begging bowls to receive charity
offerings
 Why would Buddhism appeal to
laborers and craftspeople?
 They are of a lower caste, and
Buddhism rejects the caste system.
 Why is there a link between trade and
religions?
 Traders travel extensively, bringing new
objects and ideas with them and
learning from other cultures.
 What were the attitudes of Hindus and
Buddhists toward women?
 Hindus worshiped a great Mother
Goddess but saw females as being of a
lower caste than males. Women could
join Buddhist religious orders (nuns).
Bumper Sticker/Poster
 Create a poster, bumper sticker, or
storyboard addressing the following:
– Your understanding of Hindu
Reincarnation
– OR
– Your understanding of Buddhist
Nirvana (Englightenment)
Katch the Kara Kraze!!
AP World Questions
 1. Which of the following challenged
Hinduism?
 A. Daoism
 B. Confucianism
 C. Shintoism
 D. Polytheism
 E. Buddhism
 BUDDHISM
Cont.
 2. Monasticism was an important
aspect of which two of the following
religions?
 A. Islam and Buddhism
 B. Buddhism and Christianity
 C. Daoism and Shintoism
 D. Hinduism and Buddhism
 E. Christianity and Hindiusm
 Buddhism and Christianity
AP World Cont.
 3. Which of the following statements is an accurate
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description of both Buddhism and Hinduism?
A. The caste system was an outgrowth of Hinduism
but became identified also with Buddhism.
B. Neither religion placed importance on the
individual’s efforts to seek release from rebirth
C. Nirvana was a major aspect of the belief system
of both Buddhism and Hinduism
D. Both religions taught the importance of karma in
affecting a person’s fate
E. Buddhism made use of formal rituals, but
Hindiusm did not
Answer: D
Cont.
 4. “And what, O priests, is the noble truth of the path
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leading to the cessation of misery? It is…right belief,
right resolve, right speech, right behavior, right
occupation, right effort, right contemplation, right
concentration.” These words describe a teaching of
which religion?
A. Judaism
B. Hinduism
C. Christianity
D. Buddhism
E. Islam
Answer: D