Transcript 14-2 - Walden`s World History

Shoguns
and
Samurai
14-2
Nara Japan
• During the A.D. 700 Japan built a strong
national government at Nara,and Buddhism
became the popular religion.
• Nara was a center of Gov’t and religion, and
due to it’s importance it has a period named
after it.
The Emperor’s Government
• Japanese emperors followed in the foot steps of
Shotoku.
• Government officials were reorganized into ranks.
• Japan dropped examinations for the hiring of
government officials.
• Jobs were past down from parent to children.
• The emperor usurped his power with land and
crop control.
Buddhist Diaspora
•
In the A.D. 700
Buddhism became
popular
• Buddhists and NonBuddhists fought over
control of the
government.
• In A.D. 770, a
Buddhist monk
unsuccessfully tried to
over throw the
Emperor.
• Unlike the
confrontational
Chinese, the emperor
left Nara.
Rise of the Shogun
• Japan’s civilian government and the
emperor came to be dominated by military
rulers known as shoguns.
• In A.D. 794, Emperor Kammu built a city
called Heian. Today, Heian is known as
Kyoto.
The Government Weakens
• In the A.D. 800s, weak emperors gave a bad
name to Japan’s emperors.
• Most were too young and regents ruled
instead.
• The Fujiwara made a Queen and Parliament
scenario.
• The government stopped taxing Nobles and
started taxing peasants.
SAMURAI!!!!!!!
Samurai
• Samurais were land mercenaries.
• Samurais fought their opponents with
swords, daggers,and bows and arrows.
• Wore leather or steel armor.
• Their name means one who serves.
• Their helmets were specially decorated.
BUSHIDO!!!!
• Means the way of the warrior.
• Samurais were to be brave, loyal,
courageous, and honorable.
• Samurais were not concerned with
wealth and would rather die than
surrender.
Shoguns
• In the Gempei War, the Taira and the
Minamoto family threw down.
• Minamoto Yoritomo was a threat to the
Yamato family.
• The emperor made Yoritomo shogun in
order to keep him loyal.
Mongolian Attacks
• The Mongols attacked in the late 1200s, but
both of there attempts were foiled by
kamikaze storms.
• Kamikaze means “Divine Wind”.
The Daimyo Divide Japan
• Over time, the samurais lost their loyalty to
shoguns because they didn’t have enough
land after dividing it between their sons.
• The emperor and several samurai revolted
against the Kamakura successfully, but the
emperor still couldn’t give land to the
samurais, so it was a wasted effort.
• Ashikaga Takauji overthrew the emperor
and made himself a shogun, effecting the
Ashikaga shogunate.
• Ashikaga shoguns were weak rulers and
several revolts split the nation up into many
territories with daimyos as their leaders.
Vassals
• Vassals are samurai who are given land in
exchange for military service.
• The bond between lord and vassal is called
feudalism.
• The Onin war destroyed Kyoto almost
completely and further weakened Japan.
• Powerful daimyo discouraged reunions and
brought down the Ashikaga shogunate.