Transcript Chapter 8

Chapter 8
China
China Reunified
• In the Tang (TONG) and
Song Eras, the scholargentry as the political and
economic elite of Chinese
society, replaced the old
landed aristocracy.
• Emperor Tang Xuanzang
(Wan-dzong) is
remembered for his
devotion to a commoner’s
daughter.
Fire lance
• Technological
developments during the
Tang dynasty included
gunpowder, steel, and
cotton cloth.
• The Silk Road was
renewed and as a result of
trade, the city of Changan
became the wealthiest city
in the world.
• Also, during this time the
scholar-gentry replaced
the old aristocracy as the
political and economic
elite of China.
• Li Bo his poem “Quiet
Night Thoughts” has been
memorized by
schoolchildren for
centuries
Quiet Night Thoughts
• Before my bed
there is bright moonlight,
So that it seems
like frost on the ground.
• Lifting my head
I watch the bright moon,
Lowering my head
I dream that I`m home.
Mongols and China
• In 1206, Temujin was
renamed Genghis
Khan, after which he
devoted himself to
conquest, eventually
establishing the
Mongol Empire.
• The Mongols, led by
Genghis Khan,
brought much of the
Eurasian landmass
under a single rule,
creating the largest
land empire in history.
• Confucianism was at
the heart of the
Chinese state
government from the
Song dynasty to the
end of the dynastic
system in the twentieth
century.
• Between the Tang and
Ming dynasties,
Chinese literature
flourished because
printing was invented.
• The two factors that
contributed to the
failure of Kublai
Khan’s invasion of
Japan in 1281 were the
Kamakura shogunate
and a massive typhoon
that destroyed most of
the invading fleet
Early Japan and Korea
• samurai means “those
who serve”
• The samurai of Japan
were a new class of
military servants
whose purpose was to
protect the security
and property of their
employers.
• The samurai lived by a
strict code known as
Bushido, which was
based on loyalty to the
samurai’s lord.
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Gi – Rectitude
Yū – Courage
Jin – Benevolence
Rei – Respect
Makoto or Shin– Honesty
Meiyo – Honor, Glory
Chūgi – Loyalty
• Although Korean
society was strongly
influenced by the
Chinese model of
society, it was also
influenced by Japan.
• During much of the
history of early Japan,
aristocratic men
believed that prose
fiction was “vulgar
gossip” and was thus
beneath them.
• Consequently, from the
ninth to the twelfth
centuries, women were the
most productive writers of
prose fiction in Japanese.
• Females learned to read
and write at home, and
they wrote diaries, stories,
and novels to pass the
time.
• From this tradition
appeared one of the
world’s great novels,
The Tale of Genji,
which was written by
Murasaki Shikibu
around the year 1000.
India After the Guptas
• Followers of
Mahayana saw
Buddhism as a
religion, not a
philosophy, with
Buddha as a divine
figure.
• Muslim rulers in India
were tolerant of
Hindus because they
realized there were
simply too many
Hindus to convert
them all.
Muslims in front of the Taj Mahal
• Theravada Buddhism
became the religion of
the masses in
Southeast Asia partly
because it tolerated
local gods and posed
no threat to established
faiths.
Wat Phra Buddha Baat,
Theravada Buddhist temple
in Thailand.
• The Rajputs were
Hindu warriors who
resisted the advance of
Mahmud of Ghazni &
the Muslim rule he
brought with him.
Rajputs
Southeast Asia
• Followers of
Theravada see
Buddhism as a way of
life.
Samarkand:
In modern day Uzbekistan
• Timur Lenk was the
ruler of a Mongol state
based in Samarkand.
• The trading societies
of Southeast Asia
included Srivijaya
and the Sultanate of
Melaka.
• The two major parts of
Southeast Asia include
the mainland down to
the southern tip of the
Malay Peninsula and
the archipelago of
present-day Indonesia
and the Philippines.
Part 2:
Indonesia &
Philippines
Part 1:
Malaya Peninsula
• The temple of Angkor Wat combines Indian
architectural techniques with native inspiration.
Angkor Wat
• Most societies in
Southeast Asia gave
greater rights to
women than did those
of China and India.
• Women worked
alongside men in the
fields.
• They also played an
active role in trading
activities.