Transcript Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia

JAPAN, KOREA, AND
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Cultural Diffusion from China
Japan, An Island Nation
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Is an Archipelago: A chain of
Thousands of islands; off the
coast of Asia
4 large islands: Honshu,
Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku
The Ring of Fire: makes it
Mountainous
And prone to Natural
Disasters: Earthquakes,
typhoons, tidal waves
Isolation
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The seas around Japan have kept it from its
enemies
Japan could control contact
Mongols tried to invade Japan 1281 with a fleet
carrying 140,000
A typhoon wrecked the fleet
Kamikaze “Divine Wind”
Early Japanese
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Migrants from Asia first settled in Japan
Formed clan system
The most powerful are on Honshu
Shinto
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Gods or nature spirits “kami”
Spirits lived in natural objects
Shinto: Way of the Kami
Prayers and rituals to praise the kami
Cultural Diffusion
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Few early Japanese historical records
Chinese writing adopted by the Japanese
Buddhism came in 552 CE
Art, science, government, and fashion
702 CE code of laws based on the Tang Dynasty
Laws
Buddhism (Mahayana)
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Resistance to Buddhism at first
Then accepted
Buddhist temples built
Many from the Imperial court became Buddhist
Buddhism spread amongst the people
Shinto and Buddhism both became an important
part of Japanese Life
Feudal Japan
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800 CE; the political
system of Japan
changed
2 factors: Central
government- The
emperor and important
families; Local
landowners with their
own warriors
I am Your
father?!
Feudal Government
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Fujiwara: first clan in control of the government
Minamoto: created the office of Shogun
Emperor kept the throne but the shogun was in
control of the military, finances, and law
Local level: wealthy landowners held power
Samurai: warriors hired by the landlords
The Samurai
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Protected the landlords
Much like medieval knights or cowboys
A samurai was fiercely loyal to the landowners and
clan
Power: Sword Skills
Followed Bushido – The Way of the Warrior
Bushido
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Stressed bravery, loyalty, and honor
Accept physical hardship without complaint
Did not fear death
Seppuku – ceremonial suicide if they did not please
their masters or if they were defeated in battle –
avoid dishonor
Daimyo
Local leaders became known as Daimyo “great
name”
The most powerful people during the Ashikaga
Shogunate
No central government for 100 years
Constant battle
The poor could gain status in war
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Zen Buddhism
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Religious awakenings; new sects
From China in the 1100s CE
Appealed to ordinary people
Salvation through enlightenment
Life of the Body was not important
Long hours of meditation
Helped warriors in battle
Zen Art
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Monks worked in landscape art
Represent the beauty of nature
Tea ceremony – produce spiritual calm
Simple room by the garden, quietly drink Tea and
admire the beauty of nature
Noh plays
Chinese contributions to Korea
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Rice farming came from China
Metalworking
300 BCE migrants came to Korea from China
108 BCE Han Dynasty made Korea a colony for
400 years
Fall of the Han; Koguryo independence
Korea
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Taken by China
Struggle for independence
Yi Dynasty from 1300s to 1910
Chinese contributions
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Chinese characters
Chinese government; kings
Confucian civil service system
Built the capital Kaesong much like Xi’an
Chinese Buddhism; built temples
700s; Zen Buddhism became dominant
Moveable wood type; bettered it – metal type
sharper images
Chinese contributions to Southeast Asia
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These areas were controlled by China throughout
history
Adopted Mahayana Buddhism – guiding philosophy
for Vietnam
Daoism and Confucianism also influenced Vietnam
Writing system
Political Organization
Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia or the Khmer
Kingdom
Journal
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What were some of the major contributions of
China to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia? How
has China influenced their neighbors with these
things? What are some things that you think we
have taken from China?