Transcript (Section III): Korea and Southeast Asia

Section III: Korea and Southeast Asia
(Pages 256-259)
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This section is about:
The cultural interaction
between Korea and China.
The blending of cultures
of India and China with
various countries in
Southeast Asia.
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Much of what people
know about Korea and
Southeast Asia today
comes from the Korean
“Conflict” and Vietnam
War in the 1950’s –
1970’s.
North Korea is in the news
again quite a bit now.
Look at Main Ideas on
page 256.
There’s quite a building
on page 258 – what kind
of building is it?
Korea
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Is a peninsula northeast
and right next to of
China.
Has many mountains
(only 1/5 good farmland).
It does have a long
coastline – so it was good
for fishing.
It’s between China and
Japan, so both of them
have been an influence
on Korea.
Early History
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In 108 BC, a Han (Chinese)
emperor invaded Korea – and
his people stayed for about 400
years.
Between 300 and 600 AD, Korea
formed 3 kingdoms (which
sometimes fought with each
other and Japan and China).
After the Han Dynasty
collapsed, many refugees
(person who escapes to another
country) moved into Korea.
Missionaries also brought
Buddhism to Korea.
(Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla)
Unified Korea
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Silla united Korea in 668 (with
help from China).
They conquered Koguryo and
Paekshe and forced the Tang to
leave.
By 900, Koryo challenged the Silla
and took control of the Kingdom.
The Koryo adapted most Chinese
styles and customs at this time,
including learning and arts
(porcelain and celadon – types of
ceramics).
In 1231, the _______________
started their invasions – and
although they let them keep their
culture, they still controlled Korea.
Yi Dynasty
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Yi Songgye took over control in
1392 (the Dynasty lasted until
1910).
They adopted the Chinese
system of government (civil
service workers) and adopted
Confucianism (less Buddhism).
Korean people still spoke Korean
though – and used hangul
(Korean alphabet with symbols
for sounds). It was easier to
learn, so many Koreans learned
to read and write (Confucian
leaders didn’t like it though).
The Yi and the Japanese had
more wars than anyone else in
the area (for Japan, Korea was
one of the main ways to get to
Asia).
Southeast Asia
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Has one big peninsula
and several island
“chains”.
Many mountains, but also
river valleys and some
plains.
It’s also on some ancient
trade routes.
Has both an Indian and
Chinese cultural
influence.
Korean connection to Iran
Vietnam
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Started about 2000 years ago
(as Nan Yue).
Many Chinese started settling
there about 111 BC (brought
Chinese ideas of arts and
learning – and introduced
Buddhism and Daoism).
Nan Yue broke free from
Chinese rule about 1000 AD.
Both the Mongols and the Ming
tried to conquer and control
Vietnam, but neither one
could.
Khmer
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Today is Cambodia and Thailand
(Angkor was the capital city).
They were never really conquered
by any foreign nations.
There was an Indian influence
(missionaries, and trade brought
Indian writing, art, and
architecture).
Began to unite about 500-600 AD.
The Khmer Empire’s greatest
achievement: the temple complex
of Angkor Wat (1100’s).
The empire slowly declined, and
by 1431, Angkor was abandoned
More…
Srivijaya
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Indonesia today (Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, the Malay
Peninsula).
Began to be a small power
by 600.
Was an important trade
route (exposed to many
cultures) and became a
center for Buddhism (until
1400 – Islam).
Because of where it’s
located (shipping lanes), it’s
been attacked many times –
By India and by the Mongols.
Borobudur (778 in Java) is
one of it’s more famous
Buddhist temples.
Pagan
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Burma (Myanmar) today.
1044: became a major
Buddhist center.
Was around for about
200 years – until the
Mongols invaded and
conquered Pagan.
When the Mongols left,
the country became split
up.