Transcript Research to Support the Multi-Store Model

Research to Support the MultiStore Model
Starter:
Complete the
diagram to outline
the
MSM
Can I describe studies related to the
Multi- Store Model?
Evaluating research
• Strengths
Case studies
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Weaknesses
Laboratory studies/experiments
Sperling (1960)
7
1
V
F
High tone
X
L
5
3
Medium tone
B
4
W
7
Low tone
• Showed participants a grid of digits and letters
for 50 milliseconds
• They were asked to write down all 12 digits OR
• They were asked to write down a single row
directly after hearing a tone
# Recall much poorer with whole set of rows (5
items/ 42%)
# Recall much better with one row only (3
items/75%)
= Information decays rapidly in the sensory store
Glanzer and Cunitz (1966)
• Showed participants a list of 20 words
# primacy effect – participants could remember
the first words
# recency effect – participants could remember
the last words
= participants rehearse words at the start of the
list
= words at the end of the list is still in STM
Areas of the brain associated with STM
and LTM
• PET scan
• fMRI
Short- term
memory,
Beardsley (1997)
Pre-frontal lobe
hippocampus
Long-term memory,
Squire et al( 1992)
Case Studies
• http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.htm
l?pid=1617
Case Studies
HM (Scoville and Milner, 1957)
•
•
Suffered from severe epilepsy
Removed part of hippocampus from
both sides
# Personality and intellect remained
intact
# Could form no new long-term memories
# Could not remember list of words, names
or faces
# Mourned every time he heard his mother
was dead
# Could remember some things from
before the surgery, but not from 10 years
before surgery
= Hippocampus gateway for STM to LTM
= Could estimate time for max of 20
seconds THUS support Peterson and
Peterson STM research on duration
Clive Wearing (Baddeley, 1990)
• Viral infection
• Damaged part of hippocampus
# Remembers part of earlier life
# No STM
# Procedural memory in tact –
can play the piano and conduct a
choir
# Episodic memory lost – no
recollection of musical training
= Different types of long – term
memory
Case Studies
Phineas Cage, 1848
Survived railway accident which
damaged his frontal lobe
Could function normally
Personality changed
= instrumental in reassuring doctors that they
could safely remove parts of the brain